Among the countries of the world, Russia is one of the richest in agricultural land. However, a quantitative advantage is poorly transformed into a qualitative one. As a result, there has been a gradual decrease in productive land, a decline in crop yields, the use of highly productive lands as less valuable land categories, and land degradation. These negative processes cause severe damage to both the agricultural sector and the country's economy as a whole. One of the reasons for such drawbacks is the underdevelopment of land use processes and forms of land ownership, which discourage land productivity growth and rational use of agricultural lands. In this paper, the authors analyze the most critical challenges in the sphere of agricultural land distribution in Russia and suggest ways to improve the efficiency of land ownership and land use patterns.

No abstract

Food security is challenged by the growth of the world population, intensification of agricultural production, depletion of scarce agricultural and environmental resources, and the consequent introduction of innovations to farming processes, one of which is land management. In this chapter, the authors discuss the role of innovative aspects and practices of land management in the establishment of food security and the provision of rational, sound, and effective administration of scarce land resources. In the case of Russia and other countries, the authors justify the necessity of rational land management focused on the innovative way of development of agricultural production.

Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the age of patients on the quantity and quality of their oocytes, quality of embryos and the results of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Materials and methods. We conducted retrospective analysis of 668 embryo records of couples with women aged from 19 to 43, who were treated by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. In this analysis we included the data of the quantity and quality of their oocytes, their fertilization, methods of fertilization and the results of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The efficiency of treatment was estimated by the pregnancy rate.

The paper presents the results of theoretical understanding of the transport accessibility of rural tourism facilities and an empirical study of the opinions of rural tourism consumers. On the basis of a brief review of scientific publications on the development of various types of rural tourism and the impact of transport accessibility of tourist facilities on them the relevance and significance of the research is determined. The factors that influence the choice of tourist products are formulated. Estimated judgments of survey participants are analysed and latent variables and the role of quality of transport infrastructure in the choice of tourist products are established on the basis of a statistical procedure of factor analysis. The data obtained constitute an important input for transport accessibility of rural tourism facilities and infrastructure decision-making in regions with a large share of rural areas.