Soybean is a diversification culture of the agricultural industry of the Russian Federation. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the production of this crop has increased 12 times, a ‘soy belt’ is being created, experience in the crop cultivation is being accumulated in the regions. The increase in the gross yield of soybeans is caused by the expansion of sown areas, the yield remains below the world average. The task of the Russian soybean community is to bring the level of production to 7 million tons by increasing the yield of soybeans, while introducing modern innovations: highly productive varieties, progressive technologies, agricultural practices, compliance with the farming system. The paper considers soybeans as a backbone culture of the agricultural industry of the Amur Region. This region is the main producer of soybeans in the country. The paper presents an analysis of the production of this crop over a hundred-year period. At present, the volume of soybean production has reached 1 million tons, with a yield of 1.3 t/ha. The reasons for low productivity are revealed and real possibilities of obtaining resource yields of 3 and more tons per hectare are presented, which is confirmed by the indicators of scientific research and the results of advanced agricultural enterprises.

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