AIM:To determine average pain intensity perceived by trauma patients at hospital admission, lowest and highest pain intensity during their hospitalisation and their satisfaction with provided pain treatment.PATIENTS AND METHODS:The research included 114 operated patients at the Clinical Department of Trauma Surgery. We used the standard Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for a clinical measure of pain.RESULTS:The average pain intensity at hospital admission was NRS median 7 (range 4–10), the severest perceived rate of pain during hospitalisation was NRS median 5 (range 4–7). Ninety-four percent of our respondents were satisfied with provided pain treatment. Thirty-two percent of patients were not asked to assess their pain during their hospitalisation, and 40.4% of patients assessed their pain occasionally.CONCLUSION:Female patients, as well as patients admitted to the emergency department, reported higher NRS scores. Those respondents who perceived severe pain answered more often that medical staff didn’t ask them to assess their pain on any occasion. Good communication between medical staff and patients, together with adequate assessment and evaluation of acute pain are of great importance in its treatment.

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Trefoil factor family 3 (Tff3) peptide is present during intrauterine endochondral ossification in mice, and its deficiency affects cancellous bone quality in secondary ossification centers of mouse tibiae. The aim of this study was to quantitatively analyze parameters describing the growth plate and primary ossification centers in tibiae of 1-month-old wild-type and Tff3 knock-out mice (n=5 per genotype) by using free and open-source software. Digital photographs of the growth plates and trabecular bone were processed by open-source computer programs GIMP and FIJI. Histomorphometric parameters were calculated using measurements made with FIJI. Tff3 knock-out mice had significantly smaller trabecular number and significantly larger trabecular separation. Trabecular bone volume, trabecular bone surface, and trabecular thickness showed no significant difference between the two groups. Although such histomorphological differences were found in the cancellous bone structure, no significant differences were found in the epiphyseal plate histomorphology. Tff3 peptide probably has an effect on the formation and quality of the cancellous bone in the primary ossification centers, but not through disrupting the epiphyseal plate morphology. This work emphasizes the benefits of using free and open-source programs for morphological studies in life sciences.

SUMMARY – The objective of this study was to determine differential expression of TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 genes and proteins in breast tumor subtypes. In addition, we investigated the correlation between TFF genes within tumor subgroups, and TFF genes with clinical and pathologic characteristics of the tumor. Study group included 122 patients with surgically removed breast tumors. Samples were investigated using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. TFF1 and TFF3 genes and proteins were expressed in breast tumors, while the levels of TFF2 gene and protein expression were very low or undetectable. TFF1 was significantly more expressed in benign tumors, while TFF3 was more expressed in malignant tumors. Gene and protein expression of both TFF1 and TFF3 was greater in lymph node-negative tumors, hormone positive tumors, tumors with moderate levels of Ki67 expression, and in grade II tumors. A strong positive correlation was found between TFF1 and TFF3 genes, and the expression of both negatively correlated with Ki67 and the level of tumor histologic differentiation. Our results suggest that TFF1 and TFF3, but not TFF2, may have a role in breast tumor pathogenesis and could be used in the assessment of tumor differentiation and malignancy.

U radu se s teorijskog i praktičnog stajališta prikazuju i analiziraju novi termini Incotermsa iz 2010. godine. Iznose se osnovna opća obilježja nove revizije i posebna obilježja pojedinih termina, te se ukazuje na razlike u odnosu na termine Incotermsa iz 2000. godine. Posebno se ukazuje i teoretski obrazlažu odredbe o dužnostima stranaka u odnosu na sklapanje ugovora o osiguranju i ugovora o prijevozu robe. Iznose se i obrazlažu kriteriji za ocjenu koja od stranaka iz kupoprodajnog odnosa u primjeni pojedinih ugovornih termina ima interes za osiguranje robe u prijevozu. Kod obrade pojedinih termina daje se ocjena o njihovoj pogodnosti za uporabu kod prijevoza pojedinim vrstama prometa. Na kraju se ocjenjuje da pravila Incotermsa iz 2010. godine više odgovaraju potrebama suvremene poslovne prakse nego pravila prethodne revizije, te se njihova uporaba preporučuje našim gospodarstvenicima. Ključne riječi: poslovna praksa, kupoprodaja robe, INCOTERMS pravila (2010) 1 V. Bennett, Howard, The Law of Marine Insurance, Oxford, 2006., str. 3. 2 Jakaša, Branko, Pravo osiguranja, Narodne novine, Zagreb, 1984., str. 39. 3 Jakaša, Branko, op. cit., str. 39. 4 Opširnije Pavić, Drago, "Interes osiguranja", Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu, br. 79/2005., str. 433.5Arnould's Law of Marine Insurance and Average, London, 1981., Vol. I., par. 332. na str. 218. Mr. sc. Ivana Lovrić: Osigurljiv interes prema novim pravilima incotermsa (2010 Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu, god. 54, 1/2017., str. 301.-318. 7 V. Mlikotin-Tomić, Deša, Pravo međunarodne trgovine, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 1999., str. 163.Mr. sc. Ivana Lovrić: Osigurljiv interes prema novim pravilima incotermsa (2010.) Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu, god. 54, 1/2017., str. 301.-318.