The Metabolic Syndrome (MS) constitutes an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that proinsulin blood levels and the proinsulin/insulin ratio are associated to the MS. The purpose of this study was to compare proinsulin and insulin, insulin resistance index, and the proinsulin/insulin ratio as predictors of MS. This is a cross-sectional study involving 440 men and 556 women with a mean age of 24 years. Diagnosis of MS was made according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Blood levels of insulin and proinsulin were measured, and the insulin resistance status was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). The prevalence of MS was 10.1%. HOMA-IR was the best MS risk factor for both women and men (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.68-2.48 and 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.13, respectively). HOMA-IR presented the best positive predictive value for MS: 22% and 36% for men and women, respectively, and was the best MS indicator. The proinsulin/insulin ratio did not show significant association with MS. HOMA-IR, proinsulin, and insulin presented good negative predictive values for both genders that could be used to identify an at-risk population. A síndrome metabólica (SM) constitui um fator de risco independente para doenças cardiovasculares. Existem evidências de que níveis sangüíneos de proinsulina e o índice proinsulina/insulina estão associados com a presença da SM. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar proinsulina e insulina, índice de resistência insulínica e o fator proinsulina/insulina para predizer a presença da SM. Este é um estudo transversal envolvendo 440 homens e 556 mulheres com média de 24 anos de idade. O diagnóstico da SM foi feito de acordo com o Painel III do programa de tratamento nacional educacional de colesterol para adultos. Níveis sangüíneos de insulina e proinsulina foram medidos, o índice de resistência insulínica foi estimado através do modelo de avaliação hemostático (HOMA-IR). A prevalência da SM foi de 10%. HOMA-IR demonstrou ser o melhor fator de risco da SM em homens e mulheres (OR = 2,04; 95% CI: 1,68-2,48 e 1,09; 95% CI: 1,05-1,13, respectivamente). HOMA-IR apresentou o melhor valor preditivo positivo para SM: 22% e 36% para homens e mulheres, respectivamente, e foi o melhor indicador da SM. O índice proinsulina/insulina não apresentou associação significativa com SM. HOMA-IR, proinsulina e insulina apresentaram bons valores preditivos negativos para ambos sexos, o que poderia ser usado para identificar uma população de risco.
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