Objective Delivery by a skilled birth attendant (SBA) serves as an indicator of progress towards reducing maternal mortality worldwide -the fifth Millennium Development Goal. Though WHO tracks the proportion of women delivered by SBAs, we know little about their competence to manage common life-threatening obstetric complications. We assessed SBA competence in five high maternal mortality settings as a basis for initiating quality improvement. Methods The WHO Integrated Management of Pregnancy and Childbirth (IMPAC) guidelines served as our competency standard. Evaluation included a written knowledge test, partograph (used to record all observations of a woman in labour) case studies and assessment of procedures demonstrated on anatomical models at five skills stations. We tested a purposive sample of 166 SBAs in Benin, Ecuador, Jamaica and Rwanda (Phase I). These initial results were used to refine the instruments, which were then used to evaluate 1358 SBAs throughout Nicaragua (Phase II). Findings On average, Phase I participants were correct for 56% of the knowledge questions and 48% of the skills steps. Phase II participants were correct for 62% of the knowledge questions. Their average skills scores by area were: active management of the third stage of labour -46%; manual removal of placenta -52%; bimanual uterine compression -46%; immediate newborn care -71%; and neonatal resuscitation -55%. Conclusion There is a wide gap between current evidence-based standards and provider competence to manage selected obstetric and neonatal complications. We discuss the significance of that gap, suggest approaches to close it and describe briefly current efforts to do so in Ecuador, Nicaragua and Niger. Une traduction en français de ce résumé figure à la fin de l'article. Al final del artículo se facilita una traducción al español.Are skilled birth attendants really skilled? A measurement method, some disturbing results and a potential way forward Introduction BackgroundEach year obstetric complications kill over 500 000 women worldwide. 1,2Skilled attendance during labour, delivery and in the early postpartum period could prevent many of these deaths, though establishing a causal link between skilled attendance and maternal survival remains problematic.2-6 Still, the proportion of deliveries assisted by a skilled birth attendant (SBA) has become an indicator for measuring maternal mortality reduction, including the 75% reduction called for by the fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG-5). 7,8 WHO defines an SBA as someone "trained to proficiency in the skills needed to manage normal (uncomplicated) But are skilled birth attendants really skilled? Do the health personnel enumerated by household surveys fit WHO's definition? This question was the focus of our two-phase study. In Phase I, we developed and piloted evaluation instruments, then carried out small-scale competency assessments in four countries. In Phase II, shortcomings identified in Phase I were corrected and the revised instruments used to conduct a large...

The organizational changes implemented for the diagnosis and verification of neonatal sepsis led to a reduction in the newborn sepsis admissions and expenditures for antibiotics, allowing resources to be redirected to treating other critically ill newborns.

Se ha estudiado la procedencia del material pétreo de doce molinos de diferentes yacimientos cogotenses de la Cuenca del Duero. Utilizando una marcha metodológica previa, se alcanza una caracterización petrográfica, mineralógica y geoquímica del material, incluyendo el tratamiento de elementos traza mediante diagramas de normalización y comparación con datos disponibles de áreas fuente potenciales. Esto ha permitido, en muchos casos, la identificación de áreas fuente locales ya que la signatura geoquímica representa una huella arqueológica fidedigna de las facies o subtipos de rocas implicadas. La mayoría de las áreas fuente identificadas son graníticas, existiendo también granodioritas, gneises y areniscas, todas ellas pertenecientes al basamento varisco. Una de estas áreas incluye minerales de cobre, eventualmente aprovechables para metalurgia. Probablemente, ya desde la fase inicial de Cogotas I dejó de regir el principio del mínimo esfuerzo en el aprovisionamiento del material. El suministro de materias primas a los yacimientos arqueológicos es de carácter lejano y en direcciones cruzadas, de acuerdo con las áreas fuente establecidas, indicando una densa red de conexiones entre las comunidades de la región a escala hectokilométrica