Introduction: Specific work characteristics have placed nurses as one of the professions with a high level of work-related stress. If not managed properly, work-related stress can cause adverse effects. Signs of stress can be seen in people's behavior, thinking or physical symptoms. One of a subjective measurement tool that is widely used to measure work-related stress is the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), however, the literature that discusses the results of the HAM-A translation, validity and reliability test in the nurse profession is still limited. This study aims to translate HAM-A into the Indonesian version, then test its validity and reliability in nurses.Methods: A Cross-sectional study with stratified random sampling method was conducted on 98 nurses from July to August 2018. The English version of HAM-A consists of 14 items has been a translation into Indonesian version. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to evaluate the construct validity and Cronbach's alpha scores were used to assess the internal consistency reliability of the Indonesian version of HAM-A.Results: Item construct validity based on the Pearson correlation ranged from 0.529 to 0.727,  Cronbach’s alpha reliability was obtained at 0.756.Conclusion:The Indonesian version of the HAM-A fulfills the criteria of a reliable (fair acceptable criteria) and valid (good criteria) assessment tool to assess the work-related stress in the nursing profession.

AbstrakPerawat merupakan petugas kesehatan dengan presentasi terbesar dan memegang peranan penting dalam pemberian pelayanan kesehatan. Dalam menjalankan tugasnya perawat berisiko mengalami gangguan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja (K3). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis risiko K3 pada perawat di instalasi gawat darurat (IGD) Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. H. Soemarmo Sosroatmodjo dalam rangka mencari upaya pengendalian risiko yang tepat sehingga perawat terhindar dari kecelakaan kerja dan penyakit akibat kerja. Penelitian mixed method telah dilakukan pada seluruh perawat di IGD yang berjumlah 20 orang (total sampling), penilaian risiko mengacu pada standar AS/NZS 4360:2004 tentang Risk Management. Untuk mengkaji likelihood, exposure, dan consequence digunakan pedoman wawancara dan job hazard analysis form. Penilaian tingkat risiko mengacu pada rumus dan tabel "William Fine". Disimpulkan, bahaya level terbesar diperoleh pada tindakan memasang infus berupa risiko tertusuk jarum suntik, terpapar darah pasien, posisi tubuh yang salah, terpapar virus hepatitis, dan low back pain. Nilai Consequences (C), Exposure (E), dan Likelihood (L) pada tindakan ini adalah C:5, E:6, dan L:6. Rumah sakit disarankan untuk melakukan upaya pengendalian lebih lanjut sesuai dengan hirarki pengendalian K3.Kata kunci: Analisis risiko, instalasi gawat darurat, kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja, perawat. Analysis of Health and Work Safety Risk (K3) on Nurse AbstractNurses are health workers with the largest presentation and have important role in the provision of health services. In performing its duties the nurse is at risk to experience health and safety disorder (K3). This research aims to analysis risk of health and work safety (K3) at emergency unit (IGD) of dr. H. Soemarmo Sostroatmodjo regional public hospital in order to find appropriate risk control measures with the result that nurses avoid work accidents and occupational diseases. The mixed method research has been done to all nurses at emergency unit (IGD)

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Perawat merupakan kelompok tenaga kesehatan yang berisiko mengalami burnout. Faktor-fakor yang memengaruhi kejadian burnoutpada perawat masih perlu diteliti lebih lanjut karena karakteristik perawat dan lingkungan kerjanya di setiap negara tidak sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan umur, jenis kelamin, status kepegawaian, beban kerja, dukungan keluarga dan kepemimpian dengan burnoutperawat, dan menganalisis variabel yang paling berpengaruh. Penelitian Cross Sectionaldilakukan terhadap 125 orang perawat di Rumah Sakit Atma Husada (RS AH) Samarinda. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan analisis data menggunakan uji statistikchi squaredan analisis regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 56% perawat di RS AH Samarinda mengalami burnout, variabel jenis kelamin (p=0.000), status kepegawaian (p=0.034), beban kerja, (p=0.022), dukungan keluarga (p=0.000), dan kepemimpinan (p=0.000) berhubungan dengan burnout, sedangkan umur tidak berhubungan dengan burnout(p=0.426). Dukungan keluarga mempunyai pengaruh yang paling besar terhadap burnoutperawat (nilai OR 17.87), disusul dengan variabel kepemimpinan (nilai OR 14.92) dan beban kerja (nilai OR 2.36). Rumah sakit disarankan untuk melakukan perbaikan sistem kerja untuk mengurangi beban kerja, meningkatkan dukungan sosial keluarga, dan memperbaiki efektivitas kepemimpinan. Kata kunci : Burnoutperawat, dukungan keluarga, kepemimpinan, status kepegawaian.Analysis Factors that are Related to Burnout in Mental Health Nurses AbstractNurses are a group of health professionals who are at risk to experience burnout. Factors that are influenced the incident of burnout to nurses need to be investigated further because nurses’ characteristics and work environment are different in every country. This study aimed to analyze relationship of age, gender, employee status, work load, family support, and leadership with burnout among nurses, as well as to analyze the most influencing variable. Cross Sectional study were conducted among 125 nurses in Atma Husada Hospital (RS AH) Samarinda. Questionnaires were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that 56% nurses at RS AH Samarinda experienced burnout, variables gender (p=0.000), employee status (p=0.034), work load (p=0.022), family support (p=0.000), and leaderships (p=0.000) are related to burnout, while ages is not related to burnout (p=0.426). Family support has the biggest influence towards the nurses’ burnout (OR=17.87), followed by leaderships variable (OR= 14.92) and work load (OR= 2.36). Hospitals are suggested to improve the working system in order to reduce work load, increased family social support, and improve the effectiveness of leadership. Keywords:Burnout of nurses, employee status, family support, and leaderships.

Background: Diphtheria remains a health problem, especially in developing countries. In November 2017, the Indonesian Ministry of Health stated that there was a diphtheria outbreak in Indonesia. East Kalimantan is one of the provinces that experienced this disease outbreak. This study analyzes the risk factors for diphtheria outbreak in children aged 1-10 years. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 37 respondents. Research variables consist of immunization status against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT), nutritional status, children mobility, source of transmission, physical home environment (natural lighting, ventilation area, occupancy density, wall and floor type), knowledge of diphtheria and attitudes towards the diphtheria prevention program. Results: We found that the most of the children who had diphtheria had been immunized against DPT. Additionally the nutritional status of children (p=0.049), mobility (p=0.000) and the source of transmission (p=0.020) were significantly associated with diphtheria. Conclusions: Child/parent mobility (OR=8.456) is the main risk factor for diphtheria outbreak. It is recommended to limit the mobility of children to travel to areas that are experiencing increased cases of diphtheria, improve the nutritional status, and further research on the effectiveness of diphtheria vaccine.