Although previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of intensive exposure therapy for school refusal behavior, there have been few recent case studies on this subject. This article discusses the successful treatment of a 14-year-old student with school refusal behavior using intensive exposure therapy. In consultation sessions, the school counselor provided psychoeducation about the mechanism of school refusal behavior from a behavioral point of view, and developed the plan for intensive exposure therapy. The parents, school officials, and school counselor consecutively escorted the school refusal child from home to school. Through a series of treatments, the student was able to return to classes on a daily basis. This case study suggests that intensive exposure might be applied as an effective school-based approach for treating school refusal behavior.

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To clarify the physical and mental symptoms of long-lasting anorexia nervosa (AN), we chose and examined 16 cases suffering from the disease for 10 years or more, among 138 cases admitted to our hospital with AN from 1972 to 1988. These prolonged cases almost changed into bulimic types and had various forms of abnormal eating behavior and physical symptoms. Frequency of abnormal eating behavior, other forms of abnormal behavior, physical and psychotic symptoms such as fear, were higher in the prolonged cases than in cases suffering for less than 3 years. In these prolonged cases, irreversible and life-threatening symptoms were especially common. Finally most of them experienced social withdrawal.

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Long-surviving dialysis patients have increased in number thanks to improved dialysis treatment methods. On the other hand the grim reality remains that dialysis itself presents therapeutical problems that remain unsolved. One such problem is the psychological state of those patients who have been obliged to observe dietary restrictions in addition to the constraints placed on their free time and everyday modility. These daily life constraints usually induce psychological stress on the patients who eventually become unfit for dialysis treatment, and various researchers have reported on this problem. In the present study 12 dialysis patients were comparatively investigated with regard to psychological aspects after they had been receiving dialysis for total periods of 5 and 10 years.