Our research into meanings attributed by parents to children's participation in street protests reveal various reasons why children are deliberately taken to protests, even the children who can barely speak. We also looked at parental educational efforts related to the participation in the protests, as described by the parents themselves. The interviews were inspired by the phenomenographic approach. The analysis resulted in a conceptual graph of themes and logical bridges between them. Participation in protests becomes a form of citizenship education, which supplements Diane Rodgers' concept of 'participation by default.'
Two dimensions of studying in students' opinion. Recognition of the phenomenon Streszczenie. W tekście przedstawiono wyniki badania opinii studentów na temat studiowania, rozumianego szeroko-jako zjawisko uwarunkowane społecznie i jednostkowo. Charakterystykę pierwszego z nich wyprowadzono z koncepcji merytokratyzmu i dyskusji podejmowanej z jego założeniami, natomiast do zdefiniowania drugiego wykorzystano psychologiczną typologię orientacji na cele uczenia się. W oparciu o model badawczy zbudowano autorski kwestionariusz, a zgromadzone dane poddano analizom korelacyjnym. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają występowanie wśród studentów "choroby dyplomu". Wyraźna jest studencka aprobata dla przyjmowania różnych strategii przetrwania na uczelni i brak jednoznacznego sprzeciwu wobec nieuczciwych zachowań. Wyniki badania nie pozwalają optymistycznie podejść do możliwości szybkiej "zmiany paradygmatycznej" w szkolnictwie wyższym. Słowa kluczowe: studiowanie, merytokratyzm, egalitaryzm, orientacja na cele uczenia się, opinie studentów Summary. The paper presents results of a study of students' opinions on the issue of studying understood widely, as a socially and individually conditioned phenomenon. A description of the former has been derived from the concept of meritocratism and a discussion undertaken on its premises, whilst for the definition of the latter the psychological typology of orientations to learning aims has been applied. On the basis of the research model adopted an authorial questionnaire has been constructed and the data collected has been subjected to correlation analyses. The data obtain confirms "the diploma sickness". There emerges a student approval for selection of various survival strategies at university and lack of unequivocal objection to dishonest behaviours. The results of the study do not allow for an optimistic approach to the possibility of a rapid "paradigmatic change" in higher education.
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