This study aimed to modeling and bioclimatic zoning of 'Saanen' goat milk production in northeastern Brazil. Data were obtained from a 14-year dairy control program for 246 'Saanen' goat matrices. Dairy production meteorological influence and mathematical modeling were assessed through statistical analyses such as Pearson's correlation matrix and path analysis. Bioclimatic zoning for current and future scenarios, with climate changes, were delineated using inverse-square distance (ISD) and spherical model (kriging) interpolations. Results showed maximum air temperature to contribute substantially to goat dairy production; therefore, its modeling was based thereon. Current and future dairy production maps highlighted Maranhão and Piauí as regions of limited 'Saanen' milk production. Furthermore, we should emphasize that temperature rises in further scenarios may have significant impact on the potential of dairy farming for the region under study.
RESUMO:A grade de discos é um implemento de preparo periódico do solo que, muitas vezes, não é utilizada de forma correta em solos do semiárido, sobretudo, pelo incipiente conhecimento sobre o seu comportamento. Assim, instalou-se no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da UNIVASF em Petrolina -PE, um experimento com o objetivo de se avaliar o desempenho operacional de um conjunto trator -grade no preparo periódico do solo, variando as marchas do trator e os ângulos de tração do implemento em um Argissolo Amarelo. Os parâmetros medidos foram: velocidade teórica e velocidade real de avanço, largura de corte, profundidade de trabalho, as capacidades de campo, e a estimativa de força de tração e potência na barra. Os dados foram analisados pela análise de variância e por meio de regressão polinomial quando significativo a pelo menos 5% de probabilidade no teste de F. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os valores de largura de corte e a profundidade de trabalho decrescem com o aumento do ângulo de tração e velocidade de deslocamento do conjunto; o comportamento da velocidade de deslocamento mostrou-se inversamente proporcional ao ângulo de tração e diretamente a marcha do trator; as capacidades de campo teórica e efetiva, e a potência apresentaram dependência do fator marcha (velocidade), e a força de tração teve relação direta com o ângulo de tração e com a profundidade de trabalho. Palavras-chave: Máquinas agrícolas. Capacidade de campo. Profundidade de trabalho. OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF TRACTOR-HARROWS YELLOW ULTISOL IN THE SEMIARID NORTHEASTERN SUMMARY:The disc harrow is an implement of soil tillage, which often is not used correctly in the semi-arid soils, especially by the incipient knowledge about their behavior. Thus, it was installed at the Center for Agricultural Sciences UNIVASF Petrolina -PE, experiment with the objective of evaluating the operating performance of a tractor -grid in preparation of the soil, varying the speed of the tractor and the angles of traction implement in an Ultisol. The parameters measured were: theoretical speed and actual speed of advance, cutting width, working depth of field capacity, and estimated traction force and drawbar power. Data were analyzed by regression polynomial significant when at least 5% probability test F. The results showed that the values width and depth of cutting work decreases with increasing angle of forward speed and tension set, the behavior of the forward speed was inversely proportional to the angle of traction and directly movement of the tractor; capabilities and effective field theory, and power factor are dependent on gear (speed) and tensile strength was directly related to the angle of pull and the working depth.
ResumoNo Brasil, ocorrem 120 espécies do gênero Pseudobombax em diferentes formações vegetacionais. Espécies de Bombacoideae apresentam flores com antese noturna, visitadas por morcegos e esfingídeos. Objetivou-se investigar a biologia reprodutiva de P. marginatum, e conhecer relações entre planta e visitantes. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma área de caatinga, no município de Afrânio, Pernambuco. Analisou-se a fenologia, biologia floral, comportamento dos visitantes e sistema reprodutivo. P. marginatum apresenta características de flores quiropterófilas, apesar de não receber visitas de morcegos, parecendo estar relacionado ao processo de fragmentação florestal ocorrente na área de estudo. A espécie floresceu entre maio e julho, recebendo visitas de esfingídeos, abelhas, vespas e aves. A produção de néctar foi elevada com baixa concentração de açúcares. Apenas na polinização cruzada obteve-se sucesso, devido à presença de mecanismos de incompatibilidade. P. marginatum apresenta-se em situação crítica quanto à sua regeneração, devido à carência de serviços de polinização eficientes, provavelmente ocasionados pela perturbação na área e ausência de quirópteros visitantes. Palavras-chave: fragmentação florestal, serviço de polinização, mecanismos de incompatibilidade. AbstractIn Brazil, the genus Pseudobombax is represented by some 120 species occurring in different vegetation types. Bombacoideae species have nocturnal flowers and are bat and hawkmoth visited. The aim of the work was to investigate the reproductive biology of P. marginatum, and to describe the plant-floral visitors relationships. The study was carried out in a Caatinga area in Afrânio municipality, Pernambuco state. Phenology, floral biology, flower-visitor behavior and reproductive system were analyzed. P. marginatum has chiropterophilous flowers, although it is not visited by bats, a fact possibly related to the forest fragmentation process in the study area. The flowering period of the species was from May to July, -floral visitors were hawkmoths, bees, wasps and birds. Nectar production was high with low sugar concentration. Reproductive success was obtained only in cross pollination, due to the incompatibility mechanism. P. marginatum presents a critical situation for regeneration due to the lack of efficient pollination services, caused probably by forest fragmentation in the study area and the lack of chiropterans visitors.
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