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Solidification in VAR and ESR processed Alloy 718 ingots was reviewed. Effects of melting phenomena and heat transfer condition on ingot structures were described. Moreover, formation mechanisms and prevention strategies for three major types of defect, i.e., sonic defect, freckles, and white spots were treated in detail. Finally, recent process developments, e.g., hot-topping of VIM electrodes, digital drip short control for VAR, and automatic melting rate control for both VAR and ESR were discussed.

Double vacuum a r c remelted N i T i i n g o t s were vacuum i n d u c t i o n remelted and subsequently atomized u s i n g a high-pressure gas stream. Powders were c o l l e c t e d , loaded i n t o cans, and h o t i s o s t a t i c a l l y pressed (HIP1ed) .

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