Colombia has gone from being a producer and exporter of illicit drugs to becoming a country where consumption also plays an important role. In Bogota, as result of specific policies adopted by the authorities that hit illicit drugs hot spots, the sale has gradually become more dispersed. Exacerbated by the emergence of new neighborhoods due to unplanned population growth, monitoring such markets becomes difficult for local authorities, which appeal to global statistics and surveys to design public policies. This work proposes a new methodology for monitoring the markets of three illicit psychoactive substances (cocaine, marijuana and basuco) while also providing insights into the spatial behavior of such markets. To estimate traded quantities and market values for each substance in Bogota, specific information is collected through surveying exercises with the police force making use of social mapping. Afterward, GIS techniques are applied to analyze such information along with crime data related to drug markets. Risk terrain modeling is applied to estimate the risk of existence of retail sale points and to clean the data for latter estimation of traded quantities and spatial distribution of drug markets.

The EU has set ambitious targets for an energy transition. While research often focuses on technology, institutions or actors, a transition requires complex coordination and comprehensive analysis and design. We propose a framework accounting for technology, institutions and actors' perspective to design in socio-technical systems. We present its application, firstly, to biodiesel production in Germany; secondly, to vehicle-to-grid contracts in a Car as a Power Plant microgrid. We show how using the framework as the core in modelling can contribute to the performance improvement of these systems. Future work will elaborate on the next generation of thermal energy systems, coordination control of microgrids and implementing flexibility through demand response aggregation. Overall, designing solutions to the problems described calls for comprehensive engineers who look beyond the technical design and deal with multi actor socio-political processes including institutional consideration.

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