El incremento de la presencia femenina en la esfera pública ha provocado cambios culturales que repercuten en la cognición social en términos de expectativas en función del género. Estos cambios interpelan a las organizaciones sociales entre las que se encuentran las Fuerzas Armadas. Desde las formas modernas del prejuicio, se desarrolló un estudio orientado a indagar actitudes de sexismo ambivalente, valores y dominancia social en un grupo de 238 cadetes de ambos sexos del Colegio Militar de la Nación. Los resultados muestran la presencia de actitudes sexistas. En roles sexuales y tipicidad de género las participantes mujeres muestran un estereotipo andrógino, asociado probablemente a la necesidad de presentarse de manera contra estereotípica para funcionar como líderes.

Advanced ophthalmic imaging techniques can provide important clinical insights into the pathophysiological changes in heterotopic bone formation (HBF). This case report revealed progression of ocular HBF in the guinea pig over a period of 7 months.

Purpose This study compared the efficacy of topical 1% atropine applied daily versus every 3 days for controlling myopia progression in guinea pigs. Methods To induce myopia, pigmented guinea pigs (New Zealand strain, n = 38) wore monocular −10 D rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses, which were replaced after 3 weeks with −15 diopter (D) contact lenses. Animals were treated with 1% atropine either daily (Atr-QD; n = 12), or every 3 days (Atr-Q3D; n = 11), or with artificial tears (control group; n = 15). Spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) and axial length (AL) data, as well as retinal and choroidal thickness data were collected weekly. Results Whereas mean (±SEM) interocular differences (treated - fellow) in both SER and AL at week 0 (baseline) were similar for all groups, significant differences between the atropine-treated and control groups were evident by week 6 (SER and AL, P < 0.001). The treated eyes of the control group showed relatively more axial elongation and myopia progression than both the Atr-QD and Atr-Q3D groups. Choroidal blood vessel area also decreased over time in the treated eyes of the control group, coupled with choroidal thinning overall, with these changes being attenuated by atropine. Retinal thickness showed a developmental decrease over the treatment period but was unaffected by atropine. Conclusions For this defocus-induced guinea pig model of myopia, application of 1% topical atropine slows myopia progression, even when applied every 3 days. Translational Relevance The results from this study suggest that the frequency of dosing for topical atropine may be reduced from the widely used daily dosing regimen without loss of myopia control efficacy.

ResumenEn el ámbito de la práctica médica el principio de la autonomía del paciente ha adquirido gran importancia como desarrollo de los derechos constitucionales de autonomía, libertad, y dignidad de la persona humana. Las directivas médicas anticipadas surgen en este contexto cómo un importante instrumento para la materialización de la voluntad del paciente en eventuales situaciones médicas en las cuales éste no se encuentre en condiciones de expresar tal voluntad. El artículo realiza una revisión de la literatura existente frente a las directivas médicas anticipadas, recogiendo sus principales desarrollos a nivel comparado, las críticas y ventajas que se han identificado alrededor de esta figura, y realizando algunas consideraciones frente a las posibilidades jurídicas y materiales de aplicación en Colombia.Palabras claves: directivas médicas anticipadas, autonomía del paciente, enfermedad terminal, eutanasia. AbstractIn the field of medical practice the principle of patient autonomy has assumed great importance as development of the constitutional rights of autonomy, freedom, and dignity of the human person. Advance Health Care Directives arise in this context as an important instrument for the realization of the will of the patient in any medical situations in which it is not able to express such a wish. The article provides a review of the literature in front of Advance Health Care directives, exposing its main international developments, the criticisms and benefits that have been identified around this figure, and making some considerations against the legal and material possibilities of application in Colombia.

violations of Human Rights incurred by companies. This paper presents international experiences in this field, which are based on self-regulation instruments, on the one hand, and judicialization processes, on the other hand. In addition, an analysis of the issue is carried out around the experience currently being developed in Colombian transitional justice. PAlAbRAs clAve: Responsabilidad corporativa, procesos de paz, postconflicto, Proceso de paz en Colombia.