Strengthening exercise combined with blood flow restriction potentially increases muscle strength. This type of exercise does not require heavy weight liftings and is a feasible method to be performed by persons suffering illnesses. However, strengthening exercise may induce inflammatory responses due to muscle and vascular endothelial damage. This study aimed to investigate alterations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and fibrinogen levels in healthy subjects after five weeks of low intensity resistance training (LIRT) with blood flow restriction (BFR) on increasing strength in comparison with high intensity resistance training (HIRT) and LIRT alone, and to evaluate aspects related to the relative safety of LIRT + BFR. Eighteen healthy subjects were randomized into 3 groups. The HIRT group: 70% of One-Repetition Maximum (1-RM); LIRT + BFR group: 30% of 1-RM with BFR (a modified 13-cm wide cuff was used); LIRT group: 30% of 1-RM. The peak torque of isokinetic contraction of the left elbow flexor in each subject was measured before and after 5 weeks of resistance exercises to determine any increases in the left biceps brachii muscle strength. Blood markers of homeostasis (fibrinogen) and inflammation (hsCRP) were also measured before and after five weeks of training. Significant increases of strength were demonstrated between the five weeks of resistance exercises in the HIRT group (P = 0.003) and the LIRT + BFR group (P = 0.001). Peak torque of isokinetic contraction of the left flexor elbow joint at 60° per second angular velocity showed that the LIRT + BFR group produced the greatest peak torque increase than the HIRT group. There were no significant changes in the hsCRP levels in all the groups (P > 0.05) after five weeks of intervention. No significant differences of fibrinogen levels were found in the HIRT group (P = 0.500) and the LIRT + BFR group (P = 0.405), but significant decreases were found in the fibrinogen levels in the LIRT group (P = 0.017). The LIRT + BFR increases in the muscle strength were as significant as in HIRT without altering the fibrinogen and hsCRP levels in the healthy subjects. In this study, LIRT + BFR showed increase muscle strength without any vascular problems.
Oxidative stress is a condition of imbalance between the production of free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, in which the levels of free radicals higher than antioxidants. One causes of oxidative stress is the maximum physical activity. Oxidative stress can be reduced by antioxidants. One source of antioxidants is mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostana L). This study aimed to investigate the role of mangosteen rind extract and physical training in reducing Malondialdehyde (MDA, increasing Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx).This study used a randomized block design with factorial pattern of 6 x 2 with four repetitions. The first treatments are mangosteen rind extract with doses; 0, 50, 100; 200; 300, and 400 mg/kg bodyweight/day for four weeks. The second treatments are the physical training consists of; without and with physical training. MDA, SOD and GPx were assessed in the end of treatment. Data were analyzed with GLZ.The results showed that average of MDA, SOD and GPx different significantly (p<0.05) after administration of extracts as well as physical training. Extracts and physical training concurrently also showed effect significant (p<0.05). However, at doses 0 until 300 mg/kg bodyweight, MDA levels more higher while SOD and GPx lower significantly (p<0.05) at training group compared with without training. Whereas at dose 400 mg/kg bw, MDA lower at training (p>0.05), while SOD and GPx were recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher than the group without training.Overall, it could be concluded that physical training with administration of mangosteen rind extract reduce oxidative stress through reduction of MDA, as well as increased both SOD and GPx.
Kemajuan teknologi mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan pada permainan yang dilakukan anak-anak. Mereka lebih banyak menghabiskan waktu bermainnya dengan permainan elektronik daripada bermain dengan melakukan aktivitas fisik. Kurangnya aktivitas fisik dapat mengakibatkan perkembangan keseimbangan menjadi kurang optimal, sehingga meningkatkan resiko terjadinya cedera pada anak-anak. Perkembangan keseimbangan selain dipengaruhi oleh kematangan sistem saraf juga dipengaruhi oleh pengalaman dengan latihan pada tugas dan lingkungan yang spesifik. Penulis melakukan penelitian dengan membandingkan latihan Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization dengan Balance Exercise dalam meningkatkan keseimbangan dinamis pada anak-anak. Penelitian bersifat eksperimental dengan rancangan pre test and post test group design. Sampel 28 siswa SD berusia 9-10 tahun dan nilai keseimbangan dinamis <80, terbagi secara acak menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok I mendapatkan perlakuan Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization, Kelompok II mendapatkan perlakuan Balance Exercise. Latihan dilakukan 3x seminggu selama 4 minggu. Alat ukur keseimbangan dinamis dengan Y-Balance Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Terdapat peningkatan nilai keseimbangan dinamis pada Kelompok I dengan nilai rerata sebelum 77,52 ± 1,67 dan sesudah 88,85 ± 3,39 dengan nilai p<0,05, (2) Terdapat peningkatan nilai keseimbangan dinamis pada Kelompok II dengan nilai rerata sebelum 77,81 ± 2,03 dan sesudah 86,73 ± 1,69 dengan nilai p<0,05, (3) Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada Kelompok I dan Kelompok II dalam peningkatan nilai keseimbangan dinamis dengan nilai p<0,05. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization lebih baik daripada Balance Exercise dalam meningkatkan keseimbangan dinamis pada siswa usia 9-10 tahun di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 11 Sumerta DenpasarKata kunci: dynamic neuromuscular stabilization, balance exercise, keseimbangan dinamis
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