A concentrator lens system was designed for a multi-junction solar cell, CDO-100-C3MJ, with an added feature − a convex lens was added above the Fresnel lens in order to improve the output power of the setup and reduce the need for the use of solar trackers. The convex lens setup was tested with the Fresnel lens setup over a 3-day photoperiod by measuring the voltage, current, irradiance, and temperature at every hour. The results showed that the convex lens setup produced 1.94% more power, but only at around midday. The increase in power is due to the convex lens that focuses a greater amount of irradiance on the solar cell over the course of the day.

The acousto-optic modulator is a popular tool in photonic laboratories for amplitude modulation or frequency tuning. Due to the unique feature of the modified frequency diffraction, the acousto-optic modulator can also serve as a key element in laser spectroscopy. In this work, the characterization of an acousto-optic system is presented. For the characterization of the beam, diffracted by this system, the modulators efficiency was optimized based on its vertical positioning, and also the beams angle and position. The profiles of the diffracted beams under the frequency modulation are shown up, down, and near of the modulation’s central frequencyIn an AOM, the light is scattered from successive wavefronts that interoperate constructively. The condition for the constructive interference of scattered light is given by the Equation (1), in which the favoring of the orders diffracted by the modulator can be seen as predicted by the acousto-optic principle.