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A measurement method is introduced which can detect steady and unsteady flow in electrically conducting fluids. In this method, the flow region is subjected to an externally applied weak magnetic field B0. The induced magnetic field b generated by fluid flow across the field lines of B0 is used for the flow investigations. It can be measured outside the flow region with the advantage that neither electrical nor mechanical connections with the fluid are necessary. The results obtained by the experiment are confirmed by a time-dependent three-dimensional numerical simulation. It is indicated how fluid flow configurations could be deduced by an appropriate measurement of the induced field b.

HIF-1α controls hypoxic survival and adhesion on endothelial cells (EC) in vitro. In vivo, HIF-1α expression in renal EC is low. Deletion of HIF-1α in EC does not affect kidney development and function in mice. Renal function after acute and chronic kidney injury is independent of HIF-1α in EC. Data suggest organ-specific regulation of HIF-1α function in EC.

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