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This article reports the clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings in a case of small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the submandibular gland. The tumor was composed of anaplastic cells slightly larger than lymphocytes without ductal differentiation. On immunohistochemical analysis, the tumor contained cells that reacted positively with antibodies to cytokeratin, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, and chromogranin. The present case supports the hypothesis that small cell undifferentiated carcinomas of the salivary glands arise from presumed multipotential ductal stem cells. When this tumor entity is located on the salivary glands, it appears to behave less aggressively than when it is a primary tumor of the bronchial tree.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the clinical and prognostic relevance of the Hippo‐YAP transactivators YAP1 and TAZ in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and their possible relationship with PI3K/mTOR pathway activation.Materials and MethodsImmunohistochemical analysis of YAP1, TAZ, PIK3CA (p110α), p‐AKT (Ser473), and p‐S6 (Ser235) was performed in paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens from 165 OSCC patients. Correlations between protein expression and clinical data were further assessed.ResultsYAP1 expression was detected in both cytoplasm and nucleus of tumor cells, whereas TAZ expression was only found in the nucleus. Nuclear YAP1 was significantly associated with tumor size (p = 0.03), neck lymph node metastasis (p = 0.02), TNM stage (p = 0.02), and poor differentiation (p = 0.04). Nuclear TAZ was associated with tobacco (p = 0.03) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.04), and poor tumor differentiation (p = 0.04). There was a positive significant correlation between nuclear and cytoplasmic YAP1, nuclear TAZ, p110α expression, and mTORC1 activation p‐S6 (S235). Combined expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic YAP1 was prognostic in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Active nuclear YAP1 was significantly and independently associated with poor disease‐specific (p = 0.005, HR = 2.520; 95% CI = 1.319–4.816) and overall survival (p = 0.015, HR = 2.126; 95% CI = 1.155–3.916).ConclusionNuclear YAP1 is an independent predictor of poor survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma.