The effects of continuous exposure of chick embryos and young chickens to the electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emitted by video display units (VDUs) and GSM cell phone radiation, either the whole spectrum emitted or attenuated by a copper gauze, were investigated. Permanent exposure to the EMFs radiated by a VDU was associated with significantly increased fetal loss (47–68%) and markedly depressed levels of circulating specific antibodies (IgG), corticosterone and melatonin. We have also shown that under chronic exposure conditions, GSM cell phone radiation was harmful to chick embryos, stressful for healthy mice and, in this species, synergistic with cancer insofar as it depleted stress hormones. The same pathological results were observed after substantial reduction of the microwaves radiated from the cell phone by attenuating them with a copper gauze.
The effect of tunicamycin on the morphology of Candida albicans yeast cells and germ tubes grown in two different Earle's minimal essential media was investigated. Tunicamycin inhibited germ tube and mycelia formation. Inhibition increased the size and caused aberrant morphology of yeast cells, including bud formation. These cells are hydrophobic and could be used for the production of two monoclonal antibodies suitable for the study of adhesion phenomena as well as ectomural properties.
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