In 2012-2013, a study was conducted, consisting in a bonitation analysis of turf on the City Stadium which is located in the northwest part of Wroclaw and was a sport arena of the European Championships Euro 2012. The experiment was made with the complete randomisation method for 2 factors, on 5 dates in the growing season. On the turf of the pitch 12 points were selected, and at each of them an evaluation of utility features was performed, in 4 replications, on surface area of 1 m 2. Based on the observation of the condition of the turf, during subsequent analyses it was found how the selection of the mixture of grasses, intensity of use and pratotechnic treatments affect the bonitation quality of sport turfgrass. The results are shown in relation to the whole object, separating each of the features under analysis.

This paper presents an innovative digital method to analyse agricultural tire profiles based on pictures. From this method, we can conclude that the tire deformation is caused by the changes in vertical load and inflation pressure. The first stage in this method is 3D-scanning; the vertical cross-section is created from the obtained picture of the tested tire. From this cross-section, the deflection of the tire can be determined. Then, the horizontal cross-section is created - this operation allows determining the tire’s contact area at the highest vertical deformation. Obtained results can be useful to create the tire deformation characteristic. In turn, the contact pressure values can be determined (even through laboratory testing, without research in field conditions). The knowledge about contact pressure allows taking some actions to reduce soil compaction. In the description of the method, the radial tire was used, but the structure and equipment of the test bench allow the use of cross-ply tires with different dimensions.

The three‐year experiment dealt with 12 lawn grass mixtures with different composition of species and varieties. Two sowing rates were applied: N1‐25 g/m2 and N2‐35 g/m2. Lawn colors were assessed in spring, summer and autumn with the visual method, with a 1–9 scale assigning a score to each plot of grass according to the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart. It was found that in the spring the mixtures with the highest proportions of Festuca rubra L. and in the summer and autumn those where Poa pratensis L. dominated had the best color. The effect of the sowing rate was studied only in the summer and autumn. On average, the best and darkest color was reported in the spring and summer. The least intense color of the lawns was in the second year of the studies due to weather conditions during that growing period, affecting the level of chlorophyll in plant leaves. It was found that a definite choice of a lawn mixture was extremely difficult and should be preceded by a detailed analysis of local conditions. The species and varieties selected for a lawn should ensure the right color as long as possible during the growing season.

This study presents the results of research related to agriculture tire deformation under variable vertical load and inflation pressure. The research objects were two tires of the same size and different internal structures. Three levels of inflation pressure and five levels of vertical load were used. The loaded tire with each inflation pressure was scanned using the 3D scanner—the effect of this operation was a three-dimensional image of a tire part (near the place of contact with the surface). The next step was the creation of vertical and horizontal cross-sections of the tire profile, which allowed the analysis of tested parameters: profile height, location of the point of maximum tire deflection, the width of the tire profile, and the area of horizontal cross-sections. Finally, the mathematical model was formulated, describing contact areas of horizontal cross-sections as a function of the factors. Based on the conducted research, it was stated that an increase in vertical load caused reductions in both types of heights. Moreover, the width of tire profiles and the area of horizontal cross-sections increased due to the increase in vertical load (for bias-ply, increases were smaller than for radial tires). Similar changes were observed after the reduction of inflation pressure.