The Canadian Entomologist 126: 103-110 (1994) This study determined the importance of Ophiostomatales fungi in the biology of individual adult Ips sexdentatus Boem. in Scots pine. We investigated factors possibly involved in success of rearing without Ophiostomatales, such as the sterilization technique, the presence of antibiotics, and the absence of yeasts. After sterilization of pupae, 866 adult beetles were reared in the media; the proportion of Ophiostoma-free mature adults was 99.2% and total mortality was about 13%. The most preferred rearing method used sterilized pupae which moulted on moistened filter paper and were transferred individually to separate vials where maturation took place on a sterilized phloem medium.The weight and size of Ophiostoma-free mature adults from semi-artificial media and, after establishment in logs, their fecundity and length of their egg galleries, were compared with those of naturally contaminated mature beetles obtained from logs. With the exception of a higher weight observed for adults matured in semi-artificial media, no essential difference was observed between the two groups. Ophiostomatales do not appear to play an essential role in the maturation and fecundity of I. sexdentatus adults. Colineau, B., et F. Lieutier. 1994. Production d'lps sexdentatus Boem. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) adultes indemnes d'Ophiostoma et cornparaison avec des adultes naturellement contarninks. The Canadian Entomologist 126: 103-1 10. ResumeLe but de cette Ctude est de dCterminer si les champignons Ophiostomatales jouent, au niveau des individus, un r61e important dans la biologie des adultes d'lps sexdentatus sur le Pin sylvestre. Le r61e de divers facteurs dans le succbs de 1'6levage en absence d'Ophiostomatales a CtC testC, tels la technique de stkrilisation, la prCsence d'antibiotiques et la prCsence de levures. La mCthode d'Clevage la mieux adaptke a Ct C de placer les nymphes stCrilisCes sur papier filtre humide pour la mue imaginale puis, immkdiatement aprbs celle-ci, de transfCrer individuellement les jeunes adultes dans des pilluliers contenant un milieu axCnique B base de phlobme, pour leur maturation. Aprbs stkrilisation des nymphes, 866 adultes ont Ct C ClevCs dans les milieux semi-artificiels. La proportion d'adultes mQrs non contamines par Ophiostoma spp. a atteint 99.2% et la mortalit6 totale a Ct C de 13 %. Le poids et la taille des adultes murs indemnes d'Ophiostoma, ainsi que leur fCcon-ditC et la longueur de leur galerie de ponte aprbs installation sur rondins, ont Ct C comparCs B ceux d'adultes contaminks obtenus B partir de rondins. A l'exception d'un poids plus ClevC pour les adultes ClevCs sur milieu semi-artificiel, aucune diffkrence n'a Ct C observCe entre les deux groupes. Les Ophiostomatales ne semblent donc pas jouer un r61e essentiel dans la maturation et la fCconditC des adultes d'lps sexdentatus.

No abstract

Investigation of the European pine shoot moth pheromone has revealed three components in addition to the previously identified E-9-dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:Ac): E-9-dodecenol, dodecyl acetate, and dodecanol. Inclusion of E-9-dodecenol makes lures more attractive to the moth than unmated females or E9-12:Ac alone. Dodecyl acetate had no apparent effect when added to this more attractive mixture whereas dodecanol had an inhibitory effect. Dodecyl acetate appeared to mask the inhibitory effect of dodecanol when 0.3% or more of the former component is present in the lure. Relative proportions of components are critical in comparative testing or monitoring populations of the moth.

Laboratory bioassay experiments were conducted with juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to determine the acute lethal (96‐h LC50) values of the forest‐use herbicides Garlon 3A®, Garlon 4®, and Vision® with 15% and 10% surfactant formulations, and the threshold concentrations of these herbicides that would cause behavioral effects. A Y‐maze apparatus was used to determine the threshold concentration of each herbicide that elicited either an avoidance or a preference reaction from rainbow trout fry after a one‐hour exposure period. Rainbow trout fry were observed for qualitative behavioral changes (e.g., increased coughing and ventilatory rates, loss of equilibrium, etc.) over a four‐day period of exposure to a wide range of chemical strengths. Nominal concentrations of the herbicides eliciting threshold avoidance reactions in test fish were 150 ppm Vision‐10% surfactant, 54 ppm Vision‐15% surfactant, 19.2 ppm Garlon 4, and 800 ppm Garlon 3A, which were, respectively, 2, 2, 8, and 2 times the 96‐h LC50 values determined for each herbicide. Preferential reactions to the herbicide solutions were not observed. Qualitative behavioral changes were observed in rainbow trout fry at levels from 25% (Garlon 4) to 50% (Garlon 3A, Vision‐10% and ‐15% surfactants) of the 96‐h LC50 values. Nominal concentrations of the herbicides causing threshold changes in fish behavior were 37.5 ppm Vision‐10% surfactant, 13.5 ppm Vision‐15% surfactant, 0.60 ppm Garlon 4, and 200 ppm Garlon 3A.