Water quality is an important consideration in the design of a cost-effective reservoir maintenance or secondary oil recovery project. Proper filtration equipment selection often is not based on scientific facts since knowledge of the formation may be unavailable. Rules-of-thumb that relate size of particulate in injection water to potential permeability reduction have been developed and are used for selection of proper filtration equipment. However, laboratory procedures have not been rigorously applied to the 1/3 and 1/7 rules-of-thumb currently being used to specify water filtration equipment design. This evaluation of the 1/3 and 1/7 rules-of-thumb used three different core types: Berea sandstone, Cottage Grove sandstone, and a synthetic core. The results showed that rules-of-thumb based on permeability and contaminant particle size are useful in selecting filtration equipment. Results indicated that loss of permeability (core damage) during coreflooding was more severe than expected when the 1/3 rule-of-thumb was used, but not severe enough to consider application of the more stringent 1/7 rule-of-thumb. These two competing rules appear to bracket a reasonable range for water quality. A model used to relate the amount of oil production to loss of injectivity confirmed these results by indicating reasonable oil production using the 1/3 rule-of-thumb with slightly improved production using the 1/7 rule-of-thumb.

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The recent advancement of computer technology makes reservoir simulations feasible in a personal computer (PC) environment. This manual provides a guide for running BOAST-VHS, a black oil reservoir simulator for vertical/horizontal/slant wells, using a PC. In addition to detailed explanations of input data file preparation for simulation runs, special features of BOAST-VHS are described and three sample problems axe presented. BOAST-VHS is a cost-effective and easy-to-use reservoir simulation tool for the study of oil production from primary depletion and waterflooding in a black oil reservoir. The well model in BOAST-VHS permits specification of any combination of horizontal, slanted, and vertical wells in the reservoir. BOAST-VHS was designed for an IBM PC/AT, PS-2, or compatible computer with 640 K bytes of memory. BOAST-VHS can be used to model a three-dimensional reservoir of up to 810 grid blocks with any combination of rows, columns, and layers, depending on the input data supplied. This dynamic redimensioning feature facilitates simulation work by

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