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A new typical case of the FranÇois’ dyscephalic syndrome is reported and the importance of the skin involvement is stressed. Connective tissue lesions and elastin changes were demonstrated by histological and histochemical examinations, revealing anomalies even in apparently healthy skin. These changes may be due to a primary disturbance in the metabolism of the glycoproteins.

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Besides oxygen administration and immaturity of the premature retinal vessels, there are other risk factors for retrolental fibroplasia: (1) respiratory distress syndrome; (2) multiple episodes of bradycardia apnoea; (3) exchange transfusions; (4) hyaline membrane disease; (5) anemia of prematurity; (6) hyperbilirubinemia; (7) avitaminosis E; (8) cardiovascular defects; (9) infectious diseases; (10) multiple births; (11) hypocalcemia; (12) hypothermia; (13) hemorrhagic tendency; (14) delayed coaptation of the retina, and (15) spastic diplegia.

The results of experimental inoculation of H. duboisii into the anterior chamber and the vitreous are described. The lesions are studied clinically, mycologically and histo-pathologically.