BackgroundDuring cytoplasmic oocyte maturation, Ca2+ currents are vital for regulating a broad range of physiological processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that DMSO and EG cause large transient increases in intracellular Ca2+ in mouse oocytes. The CP used in vitrifying protocols also increases the intracellular calcium transient. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of vitrifying time (before and after IVM) and exposure to the vitrification solutions and ionomycin on oocyte quality and embryonic development.Methods221 GV-oocytes unsuitable for IVF-ICSI cycles were randomly distributed into one of the following three groups. G1 (control group): 41 GV-oocytes IVM until MII; G2: 43 oocytes vitrified at GV stage and IVM until MII stage; and G3: 53 GV-oocytes IVM until MII and then vitrified. In order to clarify the effect of vitrification solutions (VS) on human oocyte IVM through the intracellular Ca2+ oscillation, the following two groups were also included. G4: 43 GV-oocytes exposed to VS and IVM until MII; and G5: 41 GV-oocytes exposed to ionomycin and IVM until MII. All GV-oocytes that reached MII-stage were parthenogenetically activated to assess oocyte viability. IVM was performed in IVF-medium (24–48 h). Chemical treatment (ionomycin) and osmotic treatment (vitrification solutions) were performed without liquid-N2 immersion. The following rates were evaluated: survival (SR), in-vitro maturation (IVMR), activation (AR), development to 2-cell (DRC), development to morula (DRCM) and development to blastocyst (DRB). Ratios between the different treatment groups were compared using contingency tables analysis (chi-square test).ResultsA high survival rate was obtained in G2 (95.5 %) and G4 (96.6 %). In-vitro maturation rate was significantly higher for G4 (86 %) and G2 (83.7 %) compared to G1 (63.4 %), G3 (56.6 %) and G5 (48.8 %). DRCM was significantly higher for G1 and G2 compared to G3 (G1: 15.8 %, G2: 20.7 % and G3: 0 %). DRB was only obtained for the oocytes vitrified before IVM (G2: 3.4 %). AR was also significantly higher for G2 and G4 compared to G5 (G2: 80.5 %, G4: 86.5 % and G5: 55 %). DRCM and DRB were only obtained in G2 and G4. DRCM was significantly higher for oocytes vitrified at GV stage (G2) and for oocytes exposed to the VS in G4 compared to the oocytes exposed to the ionomycin in G5 (G2: 20.7 %; G4: 37.5 % and G5: 0 %).ConclusionsVitrifying GV-oocytes improves their IVM. Further investigation could look to increase the oocyte pool and improve fertility preservation options.

We treated 51 patients diagnosed as having chronic bacterial prostatitis (gram-negative) with 2 ml. intraprostatic amikacin (500 mg.) or tobramycin (100 mg.) weekly for 2 to 4 weeks. Administration was perineal with echographic control and injection was done in the echogenic zone or external gland. In each case the diagnosis was obtained by fractioned microbiological study via the method of Meares and Stamey. This test was repeated 4, 12 and 24 weeks after the end of treatment. Of the patients 25 (49 per cent) were cured microbiologically, 11 (21.5 per cent) were cured after a second cycle of treatment and the remaining 15 (29.4 per cent) failed to respond. The clinical cure rate was 43.1 per cent and 41.1 per cent of the patients were improved. After 6 months 5 patients had relapse and 1 had reinfection. No differences were observed with both antimicrobials. The microbiological cure indexes of 70.5 and 58.8 per cent after 3 and 6 months, respectively, compared favorably with that obtained by oral therapy with antimicrobials that reach effective levels in the prostatic fluid. Transitory post-injection hemospermia was observed in 11 patients. Together with pain during or after injection (8 and 5 patients, respectively), these were the sole adverse effects observed with this therapy.

Figura 1 -TC abdominopé lvico: enfisema subcutá neo en escroto izquierdo anterior a sínfisis pubiana.Figura 2 -TC abdominopé lvico: enfisema subcutá neo desde escroto izquierdo hasta pared abdominal superior, entre musculatura del recto anterior izquierdo y oblicuos izquierdos. Ausencia de líquido libre intraperitoneal.Figura 1 -Estudio con contraste de la ileostomía que documenta una comunicació n con el ciego con paso del contraste para colon ascendente.Figura 2 -Endoscopia por la ileostomía. Un bricker inflamatorio con un orificio de comunicació n con el colon.A C TA S U R O L E S P. 2 0 1 0 ; 3 4 ( 6 ) : 5 7 3 -5 7 5 575