RESUMESterculia setigera, Aframomum melegueta et Citrus aurantifolia sont des plantes couramment utilisées en médecine et pharmacopée traditionnelles africaines pour traiter plusieurs affections dont la toux et l'asthme. L'objectif du présent travail est d'évaluer, sur Cavia porcellus (Cochon d'Inde), les propriétés antioedémateuse, analgésique et antipyrétique des extraits aqueux de ces plantes. L'administration de ces extraits aqueux par voie orale avant l'induction de l'oedème, inhibe cet oedème significativement en fonction de la dose et du temps comparativement à l'indométacine. Les résultats issus de l'étude de l'activité antalgique/analgésique montrent que l'administration des extraits avant l'induction de la douleur par le test de Foot Soaking à 50 °C, l'atténue significativement. L'extrait de Sterculia setigera administré par voie orale a fait baisser considérablement la température après une heure. L'analyse phytochimique de ces extraits révèle la présence des alcaloïdes, des tanins, des flavonoïdes, des anthocyanes, des leuco-anthocyanes, des mucilages et des composés réducteurs dont les propriétés peuvent être mises à profit dans le traitement de l'inflammation. Ces différents résultats confirment que les extraits aqueux de Sterculia setigera et du mélange Aframomum melegueta -Citrus aurantifolia ont des propriétés anti-inflammatoires.

The ethanol extracts obtained from Psidium guajava, Flacourtia flavescens Boswellia dalzielii, Ficus exasperata, Pavetta corymbosa and Hybanthus enneaspermus, six species traditionally used in Benin to treat several infectious diseases, were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enteroccocus feacalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentration of extracts was determinate using the microplate dilution method. The presence of major phytoconstituents was detected qualitatively. The diphenylpicrylhydrazine radical scavenging activity was also performed. The extracts exhibited antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria. Boswellia dalzielii, Psidium guayava, Pavetta corymbosa and Flacourtia flavescens exibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration values (0.313-2.5 mg mL(-1)). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the lest sensitive microorganism with MIC values higher than 10 mg mL(-1). In antioxidant assay the crude extracts of B. dalzielii and P. corymbosa appeared to be as potent as quercetol with an inhibition percentage of 83 and 75.3% at 10 microg mL(-1) which is comparable to 75.9% for quercetol at the same concentration.

The efficiency of ethanol's extract of Moringa oleifera was evaluated in Staphylococcus aureus infection on Harco chicks. For this, 150 Harco chicks divided in 5 lots were used: A negative control (not inoculated and not treated); 0.5 g/L; 1.5 g/L of M. oleifera; 0.5 g/L of Flumequine®50 and a positive control (inoculated but not treated). The test of χ χ χ χ 2 was used for the comparison and the test of student for the means comparison between lots. In vitro 1.5 g/L of the extract shows a positive result on S. aureus. However only 0.5 g/L of the extract has proved an efficiency in vivo. Compared to the other treatments, only 0.5 g/L of M. oleifera has allowed a daily gain of weight during the 4 th period (11.4 +/-1.68). There was a significance difference at 1% for food consumption. The treatment of 0.5 g/L of M. oleifera has decreased the leukocytes number from 5363333.33 to 4383333.33/ ml of blood.

No abstract

Corchorus olitorius L. which belongs to Tiliaceae family is a cultivated herbaceous plant highly consumed as traditional leafy vegetables in Benin. Extracts from samples of different morphotypes leaves of this species were analysed for their phytochemical compositions, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities. On each sample extract, qualitative phytochemical tests were used to detect the presence of bioactive molecules and evaluate their cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl assay. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several phytochemical compounds in all samples of morphotypes studied but these have not a similar profile. Morphotypes with shiny rounded leaves have more phytochemicals (58% of phytochemicals compounds) than the other samples. Analysis of the potential antioxidant reveals a first category of morphotypes with high potential antioxidant capacity ranged from 27,859 to 32,985 mM EAA/g followed by second class of morphotype which ranged from 17,527 to 23,098 mM EAA/g . Regular consumption of C. olitorius such as varieties with rounded and non-shiny leaves, varieties with elongated and shiny leaves, varieties with red stems, varieties with elongated and nonshiny leaves with lateral lobes, would be useful for the treatment of various diseases induced by free radicals. The LC50 of morphotypes C. olitorius varies between 0.78 and 3.125 mg/ml indicating non toxicity. From this study, results justify the use of some morphotypes of C. olitorius in traditional medicine. Hence, these morphotypes are nutraceuticals leafy vegetables that must be promoted through development of food based products.