These results provide strong evidence that oxidative stress is significantly involved in cartilage degradation in experimental arthritis, and indicate that the presence of a functional Nrf2 gene is a major requirement for limiting cartilage destruction.

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Ergometer cycling after total hip arthroplasty is an effective means of achieving significant and clinically important improvement in patients' early and late health-related quality of life and satisfaction. However, this study does not support the use of ergometer cycling after knee arthroplasty.

Neovascularization is involved in beneficial and detrimental processes of tendon pathology. We investigated the influence of repetitive motion on the expression of the most important angiogenic factor, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the 3T3 NIH fibroblast cell line and in cultures of rat Achilles tendon fibroblasts. Monolayers of subconfluently grown cells were stretched in rectangular silicone dishes with cyclic uniaxial movement. Strain was applied over 24 h varying the frequency (0.5–1 Hz). Fibroblasts (3T3 fibroblasts and rat Achilles tendon cultures) cultivated without the application of cyclic strain released measurable VEGF amounts into their culture supernatants. Cyclic stretching of the cells with a frequency of 1 Hz resulted in an increased expression of VEGF. A low frequency (0.5 Hz) reduced VEGF expression to control levels. RT PCR revealed VEGF 121 and VEGF 165 as the only splice forms that were induced by cyclic stretching. Western blot experiments could further show that cyclic stretching induced activation of the transcription factor HIF‐1α. These results demonstrate that mechanical factors are involved in the regulation of VEGF expression in tendon tissue. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.