Lymphocyte chromosomes from 20 heavy smokers were analyzed from 48-h whole blood cultures for the frequency of dicentric chromosomes, ring chromosomes, and chromatid translocations. Compared to controls, these exchange type aberrations occurred more frequently in the smokers.

We analyzed the leukocyte chromosomes of 10 epileptic probands on monotherapy with carbamazepine (CP), of 14 epileptic probands on monotherapy with diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and of 20 clinically normal probands (controls, CO). In the CP and in the DPH group we found a significant elevation of exchange-type aberrations as compared to the CO group. In the CP group we found predominantly chromatid translocations, in the DPH group exclusively dicentric chromosomes.

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First in vitro mitoses were analysed from the peripheral leukocytes of 22 chronic alcohol users and of 18 controls. The frequency of exchange aberrations of the chromatid and chromosome type were significantly higher in the alcohol as compared with the control group. The results indicate an indirect or direct mutagenic activity of alcohol in vivo.