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High quality, vertically aligned ZnO nanorods were grown on a silicon substrate, using microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition with poly (vinyl alcohol)-Zn(OH)2 nanocomposites as seed layer. The structure and surface morphology of the prepared ZnO nanorod arrays were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The optical properties were assessed using photoluminescence measurements; the results showed a high-intensity UV peak, and a lower intensity, broader visible peak. Upon exposure to 395 nm light at a zero-bias voltage, the UV detector showed a high sensitivity of 8000% and fast response and recovery times of 25 and 22 ms, respectively.