Groundnut is an important oilseed crop in India which occupies first position in terms of area and second position in terms of production. The study was conducted in Banaskantha District of Gujarat state during 2018-19. The main focus of the investigation is on adoption of plant protection measures in groundnut crop by the farmers of Banaskantha district. The district was selected purposively as the area of groundnut is increasing day by day. Three talukas viz., Deesa, Lakhani and Dantiwada having higher area under groundnut cultivation were selected purposively (Anonymous 2018). Five villages were selected randomly from the list of groundnuts growing villages of each taluka. Ten groundnut growers were selected, randomly from each selected village. Thus, the final sample was 150 groundnut growers. Ex-post facto research design was used for the study. The data were collected by personal contact method with help of structured interview schedule and data were coded, classified, tabulated and analysed in the light of objectives. Ten independent and one dependent variable were selected for study. The independent variables viz., education, land holding, annual income, extension participation, source of information, and scientific orientation were positively and highly significantly associated with extent of adoption about plant protection measures. Risk orientation had positive and significant association with extent of adoption about plant protection measures. The remaining variables namely age and family size had negative and non-significant correlation, while social participation had positive and non-significant correlation with the extent of adoption about plant protection measures.

India with varied climatic and soil is natural home of spices. Spices may be defined as one of the very strongly flavored or aromatic substances of vegetable origin obtained from tropical or other plants. Among all the minor spices grown, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare P. Miller) locally known as "Variyali" is one of the important spices crop. The share of Banaskantha district in spice production is 12.24 per cent and in fennel production is 8.38 per cent in Gujarat. Thus, Banaskantha district was selected purposively. Two tribal dominating talukas viz; Amirgadh and Danta were selected purposively. Ten villages were selected randomly from each taluka having area covered under fennel cultivation. Thus, total twenty villages were selected. From each selected village, six respondents were selected randomly making a sample of 120 respondents. Ex-post facto research design was followed for carrying out the study. The independent variables studied viz., education and economic motivation had negative and significant correlation with overall technological gap of tribal fennel growers, whereas, variable viz., age of the tribal fennel growers had positive and significant correlation with overall technological gap. The two variables viz., social participation and size of family had positive and non-significant correlation with overall technological gap of fennel growers. Two variables viz., size of land holding and extension participation had negative and non-significant relationship with the overall technological gap in fennel production technology. The variable exhibited negative and highly significant correlation with overall technological gap of fennel growers, were: annual income, source of information and scientific orientation.