Bitcoin money laundering: mixed results? An explorative study on money laundering of cybercrime proceeds using bitcoin

ABSTRACT. Glacio-meteoro logical data o btained durin g the Gree nl a nd I ce M argin Expe rim ent (GIMEX ) im'es ti ga ti o ns in Wes t Green land (th e Sondre Stromuord tra nsec t) have bee n used to tes t and cali brate four e nergy-ba la nce/ m assba lance m o del s for the ice/snow sUI{a ce , Th e regio n is ch arac terised by the d e\'elopme nt o f a \\'id e zo ne of 10\\' surface a lbedo in th e co urse of the m e lting season. Thi s zo n e was simul a ted in onc of the e nergy-bal a nce mod els by in cludin g th e eITeet of surfi c ia l melt wate r on a lbedo. Obse rvecl mass-ba lance a nd a lbedo d aw were used to constrain th e mod els. A lth ough a ll the mod els a rc ca p a ble o f pred ict in g the transec t b a la n ce reasona bl y we ll , o nly th e m o cl e l with th e me lt water-a lbed o co uplin g, is a bl e to re produ ce th e obsen'ed a lbedo p a tte rn a nd mass-ba la nc e pro fil e a lo n g th e tran sec t. By including th e feedb ack betwee n surfi cia l meltw a te r a nd a lbedo in the mode l, the se n siti\'ity of the spec ific bal a nce to c ha nges in a ir te mpera ture is fou nd to be grea test just below th e equilibrium lin e (in co ntrast to wh a t is genera ll y found for va lley g laciers ) , A I K warmi ng of th e a ir temperat ure wou ld in crease th e m ea n ablat io n a long th e tra nsec t by 0.5 m w.e. yea r I.

Ransomware is malicious software (malware) that blocks access to someone’s computer system or files on the system and subsequently demands a ransom to be paid for unlocking the computer or files. Ransomware is considered one of the main threats in cybercrime today. Cryptoware is a specific type of ransomware, which encrypts files on computer systems. The ransom is often demanded in bitcoins. Based on desk research, a series of interviews, and the investigation of several police files, this paper investigates the modi operandi in which cybercriminals use ransomware and cryptoware to make profits and how they launder these profits. Two models, based on the payment of the ransom via vouchers and via bitcoins respectively, are identified and described. These methods allow criminals to launder profits in relative anonymity and prevent the seizure of the illegally obtained money.

\G, r"ahgroej; Sllba lol7laire P/~)'sica, L "lIi1'ersileil Clree/II, 3508 T.l L "tredll , T he, \ " elher/ands J. OERLEl\fA.\IS inslillllll 1'001' M arien fII Almos/erisch Onder::.oek. Cniw'sileil Ci reclzl . 3508 Tj ['Iredll, T he , \ "elher/ands ABSTRACT, Sh a \l O\ \ ice co res f"i"o m a n Anta rcti c blu e-i ce a rea a t Sc h a rITenbergbotn en w cre I+C-a n a lvzed using a dr v-ex trac ti o n tec hniqu e a nd accel erator m a'ss sp ec tro m e tr y, Th e in situ produ~\i o n w~s d e termin ecl fr o m th e I fc:O compo n cnt a nd used to d edu ce th e natura l e 0 2 co mpo n ent. Th e ages we r e m eas ured a t 10000 + 3000 BP, Th e acc umul a ti on a nd a bl a ti on ra tes d etermin ed fro m th e in situ prod uction a re 7-20 a nd 10 cm a I. res pec ti \'t> ly. sholl'ing ag ree ment \I' ith fi eld o bse r-\'a ti ons, Th e d eri\'ed ages a nd a ir-yield d a ta sholl" a nea rb y ori gin fo r th c surface ice ,

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