Twenty female animals selected for study from which 60% buffaloes and 40% cattle with a mean age of 6.32 ± 0.66 years. The mean duration of illness was 20.7 ± 2.13 days and majority recently calved (45%). Mean rectal temperature, respiratory and heart rates elevated and rumen motility decreased. Ferroscopy was positive in fifteen animals. Haematological and Biochemical parameters revealed leucocytosis, neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia, decreased albumin and increased total plasma proteins, globulin, AST, ALT, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and plasma fibrinogen level. Laparorumenotomy revealed adhesion of reticulum and left abdominal wall in seven, reticulum and right abdominal wall in three, reticulum and ventral abdominal wall in one and reticulum with diaphragm in four cases with non-metallic foreign bodies and frothy rumen content in five animals. Ruminitis, sloughing and haemorrhages of ruminal papillae in two cases. Complications like recurrent tympany, subcutaneous emphysema, swelling and discharge at surgical site were managed appropriately and all animals recovered. In-vitro ultrasonographic examination of diaphragm revealed that the right lower half musculo-tendinous junction of diaphragm was thinner than the left lower half musculo-tendinous junction of diaphragm.

Cisplatin, a platinum compound, exerts its cytotoxic effects by coordinating to DNA where it inhibits both replication and transcription, and induces programmed cell death. It is used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. In the present study, an attempt was made to achieve better treatment of lung cancer by direct lung delivery of cisplatin microparticulate systems, which helps to localize the drug in the lungs, and also provide sustained action. Cisplatin-loaded chitosan microspheres were prepared by emulsification and ionotropic gelation method, and characterized for drug content, particle size, densities, flow properties, moisture content, and surface topography by SEM and in vitro drug release was evaluated in simulated lung fluid at 37° at pH 7.4. The respirable or fine particle fraction (FPF) was determined by using twin stage impinger (TSI). Further stability evaluation of cisplatin-loaded DPI systems was carried out at 25°/60% RH and at 40°/75% RH.

The study was carried out on a total of 250 Gir cattle, which covered those presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex of the College in Junagadh (Gujarat) for therapeutic measures and some from Gaushala near to Junagadh region. The animals were screened for common hemoprotozoan infection based on blood smear examination to record the prevalence rate of infection. The overall prevalence of hemoprotozoan infections recorded on the basis of microscopic examination of blood smears was 35.20 %. Out of these, 64 (25.60%) were positive for Theileria spp., 20 (8%) for Babesia spp., and 4 (1.6%) for Anaplasma spp. a highest prevalence was recorded in April (64.70%), followed by March (57.14%) and February (42.85%). The lowest prevalence was recorded in the month of December (5.88%). The highest prevalence was recorded in the summer season (40.71%), followed by rainy (34.37%) and winter season (19.56%). The highest prevalence of hemoprotozoan infection (41.86%) was recorded in Gir cattle of 3 to 8 years age group followed by 32.35% in 6 months to 3 years age group, and the lowest prevalence was recorded (24.32%) in older animals 8 years and above age group.

Rabbits are vulnerable to get variety of parasitic infestations and among them the incidence of mange is quite high (Rajeshwari et al., 2001). Sarcoptes mange infestation is one of the most common and major constraint in commercial rabbit production in India (Darzi et al., 2007). Burrowing mites (Sarcoptes scabiei and Notoedres cati) present a zoonotic danger; affecting dogs, cats and humans causing a transient itching dermatosis. Sarcoptes scabiei is more common mange in rabbits and distinguished by presence or absence of prurites, morphology of mite and distribution of lesions and if left untreated may cause significant morbidity and economic losses (Bhardwaj et al., 2012). Ivermectin is used as broad spectrum parasiticide in domestic animals and is also used for acariosis (Aulakh et al., 2003). The present communication reports successful therapeutic management of Sarcoptic mange in rabbits with ivermectin.

Etoposide is a semisynthetic compound, widely used in treatment of non small cell lung cancer. However, frequent dosing and adverse effects remain a major concern in the use of etoposide. Liposomal systems for pulmonary drug delivery have been particularly attractive because of their compatibility with lung surfactant components. In the present investigation, pulmonary liposomal delivery system of etoposide was prepared by film hydration method. Various parameters were optimized with respect to entrapment efficiency as well as particle size of etoposide liposomes. For better shelf life of etoposide liposomes, freeze drying using trehalose as cryoprotectant was carried out. The liposomes were characterized for entrapment efficiency, particle size, surface topography, and in vitro drug release was carried out in simulated lung fluid at 37° at pH 7.4. The respirable or fine particle fraction was determined by using twin stage impinger. The stability study of freeze dried as well as aqueous liposomal systems was carried out at 2-8° and at ambient temperature (28±4°). The freeze dried liposomes showed better fine particle fraction and drug content over the period of six months at ambient as well as at 2-8° storage condition compared to aqueous dispersion of liposomes.