Leptospirosis is an emerging and reemerging bacterial zoonosis caused by Spirochaetes belonging to the genus Leptospira. Various serological tests are available for the confirmatory diagnosis of Leptospirosis in the laboratory. IgM ELISA is commonly done in the first week of fever in most of the laboratories.PCR has been a major advance but it is available only in a few centres in Kerala. We had an epidemic in the first week of September 2018 following the floods. A total number of 373 blood samples collected from suspected cases of Leptospirosis were subjected to serological tests in the 24 hour Serology laboratory at Government Medical college Hospital, Ernakulam. IgM ELISA for Leptospira was found to be positive in 27 cases (7.2%).Blood samples and urine samples were sent to NIV Alappuzha for PCR testing. Among the 111 serum and urine samples tested, 9 serum samples and urine sample were positive for Leptospira by PCR. Mortality rate was less than 1 % in suspected cases and 11.11% in PCR positive cases of Leptospirosis.

Rubella is a mild exanthematous fever characterised by transient macular rash that often goes unnoticed. It is of worldwide distribution. However, rubella infection in pregnant females can lead to grave consequences due to its teratogenicity. Rubella vaccine was included in the National Immunisation Programme only in 2017. Before that the vaccine was available in the private sector. Even after 100% immunisation, there were changing trends in IgG antibody levels in various groups of people. A study was conducted in the department of Microbiology at Government Medical College, Ernakulam to find out the seroprevalence of Rubella IgG antibodies among pregnant women attending the OPD of the Obstetric and Gynaecology department during a period of one year from May 2017 to April 2018 by doing a quantitative ELISA.A total number of 200 blood samples were tested. Majority of the patients were unimmunised (60%) and the seropositivity was 69.17% and the seropositivity among immunised women was 39.5%.