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the fundamental TM,, mode and the higher-order TM,, mode the radiation pattern of which is conical. The antennas have application on vehicles for satellite communications [2]. They were analyzed and designed using a spectral-domain moment method, and theoretical results are compared with experiment for both modes. The analysis includes the option of superstrates such as a laminated windscreen and a resistive layer as per [l]. Neither higher-order mode analysis results nor results regarding attachment to glass have previously been reported in the literature. The Letter concentrates on the bandwidth changes brought about by the glass and a lossy area.The annular rings were printed on Taconic substrates 0.787 mm thick with relative permittivity er = 2.17 and loss tangent tan S = O. OOO9. They were probe fed and had inner and outer radii of 5 and 25 mm, respectively. Figure 1 shows the basic antenna/windscreen geometry. The adhesive layer between the patch and screen was assumed to have a similar permittivity to the substrate. The glass laminates were 2.5 mm thick with cr = 6.3 and tan 6 = 0.009, separated by a plastic layer 0.7 mm thick. These parameters are an approximate average for the glass, as they will depend on the chemical constituents, which are notoriously variable from batch to batch. PERFORMANCE OF RING PATCH ANTENNAS WITH GLASS SUPERSTRATES

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