Abstract. Insect genital characters are extensively used in species level taxonomy, and their value in species delimitation is great. Based on the lock-and-key hypothesis and that genital differences function as a mechanical isolation system between species, the value of genital characters has been thought to be superior to non-genital characters. Although geographical and other kind of intraspecific variation of genitalia is often assumed very moderate, its real extent is insufficiently investigated. We examined patterns of morphological variation in the male genitalia of the tortricid moth Pammene luedersiana, using geometric morphometric tools including thin-plate spline deformation grids, and found significant variation. This variation is continuous both within and between populations. No systematic shape variation was observed between populations, but genital size showed some geographic variability. The results suggest that genital morphology is not constant and should therefore be used with caution in lepidopteran taxonomy.

Science 1959; 129: 897-8. 18. Fouts JR, and Devereux TR. Developmental aspects of hepatic and extrahepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme systems: microsomal enzymes and components in rabbit liver and lung during the first month of life. An in vitro egg hatch assay, faecal egg count reduction (FECR) 14 days after treatment, and larval cultures were used as methods of investigation. Oxfendazole was tested on 69, ivermectin on 51, and levamisole on 36 farms. The median effective dose (ED50) of thiabendazole could be determined on 64 farms. On 60 farms (94%) the ED50 value was 0.12 p.g m1-1, which is indicative of the presence of benzimidazole (BZ) resistance. On two farms egg output was too low to do a FECR test. Based on the results of the FECR test, BZ resistance was present on 56 farms (84%), on 2 farms there was a suspicion of resistance and on 9 farms no resistance could be found. No clear indications

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technique is used in cases of tracheobronchial rupture in humans (Pratt and others 1984). Although only five of the previously reported cases have survived surgery, it has been shown that good results are possible with careful anaesthetic and surgical technique (White and Milner 1995). This case highlights the unexpected sequelae that may follow undetectable intrathoracic trauma. However, the transitory period of wellbeing coupled with a radiographic finding of tracheal diverticulum should alert the clinician.

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