No abstract

Lignin plays an important role in increasing the mechanical intensity of culm and improving lodging resistance of culm. In this study, three common buckwheat, Youqiao2 (lodging‐tolerant cultivar; YQ2), Ningqiao1 (middle lodging‐tolerant cultivar; NQ1) and Ukraine daliqiao (lodging‐susceptible cultivar; UD), were used to investigate the effects of spraying exogenous hormones uniconazole (S‐3307) or gibberellic acid (GA3) on lignin metabolism and its relation to lodging resistance in the three common buckwheat cultivars. Results showed that application of S‐3307 significantly increased lignin content and its related enzymes activities of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), 4‐hydroxy cinnamoyl CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and peroxidase (POD). The major genes involved in lignin synthesis, PAL, CCR (cinnamyl CoA reductase), C4H (cinnamate4‐hydroxylase), 4CL and CCoAOMT (caffeoyl CoA O‐methyltransferase), were all upregulated expression, and COMT (catechol‐O‐methyltransferase) was downregulated. What is more, application of S‐3307 significantly improved the resistance of common buckwheat stem to lodging and increased yield. Whereas, spraying with GA3 caused opposite effect on those characteristics. These results suggested that application of exogenous S‐3307 or GA3 significantly changed the risk of lodging occurred by regulating the lignin metabolism in culms of common buckwheat.

Waxy wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown throughout the world for its specific quality. Fertilization and planting density are two crucial factors that affect waxy wheat yield and photosynthetic capacity. The objectives of the research were to determine the effects of fertilization and planting density on photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and yield components of waxy wheat, including Yield, SSR, TGW, GNPP, GWPP, PH, HI, Pn, Gs, Ci, E and WUE using the method of field experiment, in which there were three levels (150, 300, and 450 kg ha -1 ) of fertilizer application rate and three levels (1.35, 1.8, and 2.25 × 10 6 plants ha -1 ) of planting density. The results suggested that photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and yield components had close relationship with fertilization levels and planting density. Under the same plant density, with the increase of fertilization, Yield, SSR, TGW, GNPP, GWPP, HI, Pn, Gs, E and WUE increased and then decreased, PH increased, but Ci decreased. Under the same fertilization, with the increase of plant density, Yield, SSR, TGW, GNPP, GWPP, HI increased and then decreased, PH, Pn, Gs and E increased, PH and WUE declined. The results also showed that F2 (300 kg ha -1 ) and D2 (1.8 × 10 6 plants ha -1 ) was a better match in this experiment, which could obtain a higher grain yield 4961.61 kg ha -1 . Consequently, this combination of fertilizer application rate and plant densities are useful to get high yield of waxy wheat.

No abstract

Culture media affects the yield and quality of tomato. Knowledge about the tomato yield formation in response to culture media is still needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of culture media on yield, growth, photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant enzyme of different tomato varieties. A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Baiyun Experimental Base of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong, China, three culture media treatments viz. soil culture cultivation treatment, substrate cultivation treatment and hydroponics cultivation treatment were applied. Four represented tomato varieties viz. Xinxing 101, Jinbaolai, Kaidi and Xiariyangguang were used as materials. The result showed that, the substrate cultivation and hydroponics produced higher yield than soil culture treatment due to higher dry weight accumulation, fruit weight, and net photosynthetic rate at seedling stage and mature stage. The yield showed significant correlation with individual fruit weight (R 2 = 0.8205, P < 0.01), net photosynthetic rate in leaves at seedling stage (R 2 = 0.7189, P < 0.05). The SPAD value and antienzyme activity vary among different planting patterns, cultivars and growth stages. Further study to observe the quality of tomato fruits and nutrition of the tomato plant under different culture media is needed.