A pilot system for the separation of wheat flour into starch and gluten was used to study the effect of four enzyme preparations as processing aids. Technical enzyme preparations with hemicellulase, cellulase or protease activities appear to improve gluten yield, protein recovery in gluten and gluten coagulation in a flour with intermediate processing properties. With these enzymes similar results were obtained compared to a flour with good processing properties without the use of enzymes. The use of enzymes did not adversely affect protein content, baking quality and rheological properties of the gluten. The proportion of soluble proteins, however, increased when the protease was used. The yield of starch was slightly increased by the action of the cellulase and hemicellulase, but was significantly decreased with the protease. Starch purity as determined by its protein content was not affected. Based on these results it is concluded that some cellulases and hemicellulases can act as important processing aids for gluten/ starch separation.
Enzyme als Hilfsmittel zur Trennung von Weizenmehl inStarke und Gluten. Ein Pilotsystem zur Trennung von Weizenmehl in Starke und Kleber wurde verwendet, um die Wirkung von Enzymen als ProzeRhilfsmittel zu untersuchen. Technische Enzympraparate, die Hemicellulase-, Cellulase-und Proteaseaktivitat enthalten, erhohen in einem Mehl mit durchschnittlicher Verarbeitungsqualit3t die Ausbeute an Kleber, den im Kleber zuruckgefundenen EiweiRgehalt sowie die Kleberkoagulation. Ahnliche Ergebnisse wurden mit einem Mehl mit guten Verarbeitungseigenschaften ohne Enzyme erzielt. Eiweagehalt, Backqualitat und die rheologischen Eigenschaften des Klebers wurden nicht beeintrachtigt. Der Anteil der loslichen EiweiRe erhohte sich jedoch, wenn Protease venvendet wurde. Die Ausbeute an Starke nahm unter Wirkung von Cellulase und Hemicellulase etwas zu, unter Wirkung von Protease jedoch signifikant ab. Bezuglich des EiweiBgehaltes hatte sich die Reinheit der Starke nicht geandert. Diese Ergebnisse fiihren zu der SchluSfolgerung, daR einige Cellulasen und Hemicellulasen wichtige Hilfsmittel fur die Weizenstarkegewinnung sein konnen. ~~ starchlstarke 44 Nr. 2, S. 44-48 0 VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, D-6940 Weinheim, 1992 0038-9056/92/0202-0044$03,50+.25/0
A system was designed to imitate on a small scale the separation process of wheat into starch and gluten. The system provides information on gluten coagulation, on yields, purity and recovery of gluten and starch, and on losses of soluble protein and other soluble matter in waste water. The performance of the system is demonstrated with the results of the separation of four wheat varieties of different baking quality. Using these results the accuracy, reproducibility and resolution of the system are discussed.
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