The maritime transportation system is increasingly a target of cyber attacks. This paper describes a taxonomy that supports the creation of adversarial cyber models, risk mitigation, and resiliency plans as applied to the maritime industry, using the Automatic Identification System as a specific illustration of the approach. This method has already been applied to the aviation sector; retooling it for a maritime example demonstrates its broad applicability to the transportation sector, in general. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 12 Number 3

Most job-related decisions are based on information concerning the nature of structure of work. For example, the extent to which certain aspects of the job are separable and critical for successful performance often serve as inputs to an organization's performance management and compensation systems. Because the information needs to be as veridical as possible, it is common to have this information provided on multiple perspectives of the job and from multiple sources. This multimethod-multirater structuring of job data is typically analyzed to determine such things as convergent and discriminant validity. It is imperative that the user select the correct model for these analyses, as each approach makes very different assumptions about the composition of the data. The authors describe the 2 most common approaches-the additive and direct product models. Data from 7 different jobs are analyzed. The researchers argue the direct product model provides a better representation of the data.

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