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This paper presents the solution of economic dispatch problems that feature non-smooth cost functions by means of the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. This technique is particularly useful for optimization problems with non-convex, discontinuous, and non-differentiable solution spaces. The non-smooth cost functions arise in economic dispatch studies due to valve point loading effects, prohibited operating zones, and fuel switching effects. The proposed-DEbased economic dispatch solution methodology was validated and tested using various test systems available in the literature. The results obtained demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method for solving economic dispatch problems with non-smooth cost functions.

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One of the most challenging operational aspects in restructured systems with open transmission access is the congestion management of the grid. With the trend of an increasing number of bilateral and multilateral contracts submitted to the Independent System Operator (ISO), the possibility of insufficient resources in the transmission system may be unavoidable. In this work, we use an evolutionary computation technique known as Differential Evolution (DE), as an optimization tool for solving various congested scenarios, including pool, bilateral and multilateral transactions; as well as to estimate how the optimization process is affected by the economic valuation of those transactions.