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Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a m&i-program national laboratory operated by Brookhaven Science Associates for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). BNL is located on a 5,265 acre site in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York. BNL has a comprehensive environmental monitoring program which is described in this document. The environmental monitoring program was desiigned in accordance with DOE Order 5400.1, GeneraI Environmental Protection Program. This order Isets forth the requirements for environmental protection programs at DOE facilities to ensure that operations fully comply with applicable federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations; executive orders; and DOE policies. The plan describes the monitoring program by media, specifying drivers,, monitoring and data quality objectives, identification of sources and contaminants, extent and fizquency of monitoring, and analytical procedures and quality aSSuranCe. The various media monitored under BNL's environmental monitoring program include ambient air, emissions from point sources, wastewater discharges, surface water, groundwater, potable water quality, precipitation, soil, sediment, flora and fauna. These media are sampled under one or more types of environmental monitoring: compliance, restoration, or surveillance monitoring. Compkmce monitoring ensures adherence to regulatory and permit limits, and is comprised of air monitoring, wastewater monitoring, and groundwater monitoring. Restoration monitoring measures the impact of past operations and assesses the effectiveness of remedial measures. Surveihnce monitoring evaluates the impacts, if any, of current or historical operations on the various environmental media. Control samples are also collected so that results from areas potentially impacted by BNL operations can be compared-to background results. The data derived from the systematic monitoring of the various environmental media enable BNL to make informed decisions concerning the protection of human health and the environment, and to be responsive to community concerns. Air surveillance monitoring at BNL involves the analysis of particulate matter collected on filters, as well as vapor chemically trapped in .a collection medium. Concentrations of various airborne radionuclides (including particulates and tritiated water vapor) are measured on the BNL site and at offsite locations on eastern Long Island. Specific diffuse, oi non-point sources, arising due to environmental restoration activities, are also monitored as needed. The data derived from this program are used to assess public dose. , Continuous monitoring of radiological discharge:;, along with the estimation of radiological dose to the public resulting from operations with the potential to deliver a radiation dose to a member of the public of greater than 0.1 millirem per year (n&m&), is conducted. Facilities with emissions that fall below this value require only periodic, confirmatory monitoring. Samples of wastewater effluent from BNL operations are collected at the ...

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THE PECONK RIVER -'Teaconnuck" meaning the "the place to return'' and also the word "Paumanok", or "land of tribute" was first used by the Pequot Tribe of Connecticut, who occasionally raided what is now Long Island -and hence the word PECONIC.Three groups of Algonquian Indians frequented the area, the Setaukets, the Unkechaugs, and, mostly, the Yannococks. They wandered peacefully through the region, living in rounded wigwams covered with twigs, branches and grass. They banded together to mainly ward off the Indian tribes who invaded from Connecticut and demanded food and supplies. When the white men arrived, there was little conflict as both land and food were plentiful. A few skirmishes occurred, however, the local Indians already weakened from years of Indian invasions, had little chance. Prime land and local power quickly passed to the new comers.There were a number of Peconic River Mills and industries starting from 1695 till the early 1800s. The River Head (now called Riverhead) had a number of industries, such as; Saw mills (actually the first saw mill powered by River water in the NYS); Fulling mills -where flax and wool clothing were fulled and cleaned, and latter these mills became woolen mills, one of the most famous being the Perkin Mill; grist mills for flour and feed production from locally grown wheat and other grains; a large molding and planing mill where door work, flooring, scrolls, trims and structural members were manufactured; button factory and even a chocolat'e mill. All of these used the flowing River created by dams across the River to generate the needed power, however, these were supplemented by coal and oil fired engines. Mills were also constructed on the River to generate electricity, which supplied electricity to the Town of Riverhead till LILCO took over in 1922. Another big activity was the Forge Ice factory which collected and stored ice from the frozen Peconic River during winter, and even exported large quantities to New York City to be used in the very famous Reid's Ice Cream Company. The Forge Iron works was very active during the 1 700s) where iron ore from swamps and bogs were used to manufacture ship anchors, and other iron products like nails, chain links, etc. All of these industries were replaced when electricity was provided for such industries by LILCO. Unfortunately, almost all these early industries along the River were destroyed by fire and there is very little evidence left for one to see, other than the remnants of some dams etc. Artesian wells were also installed in the River and served as sources of pure drinking water in the early 1 7th and 18th centuries. These were also submerged under sediments when these industries were shut down. These industries were replaced by the only viable industry, which was cranberries. At Calverton, the Mills pond was converted to cranberry bogs or marshes. The River provided an ideal situation where the cranberries did not freeze during winter and were covered by sand during springboth ideal conditions for the survival and ri...

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