Using pneumoencephalography and computerized axial tomography (EMI scanning) Polaroid pictures, the relationship between ventricular size and cerebral size was investigated in 35 patients. Evans' index was used for pneumoencephalograms, and planimetric measurement of the ventricular and cerebral cross-sectional areas was used for EMI scanning. The percentage ratio for the latter technique is termed VBR. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.9510 (p less than 0.001).

A correlation has been shown between the cross-sectional area of the cerebral ventricular system and the cross-sectional area of the brain in 62 patients, using the EMI Scanner. The percentage ratio has been abbreviated to VBR. The patients were divided into normal, equivocal, cerebral atrophy and hydrocephalus, according to their PEG's. The measurements were obtained by the use of a plaimeter and by outlining the ventricular and cerebral perimeters from the EMI Polaroid pictures. The VBR was found to be approximately five in those patients without detectable pathology, about seven in equivocal cases, and above ten in abnormal cases (atrophy, hydrocephalus). The hydrocephalic readings were generally higher than those for cerebral atrophy.

This study was undertaken to compare the accuracy of measurements of the venticular system obtained by the CT scanner and pneumoencephalography (PEG). In it the ventricular system was evaluated in each case by measuring the span of the frontal horns, cellae mediae and third ventricle in relation to the diameter of the inner and outer tables of the skull from the PEG films. The indices of Evans, Schiersmann, and Schaltenbrand and Nürnberger were applied to these measurements. The same indices were obtained using the appropriate CT printouts. A very good measure of agreement was obtained with the indices arrived at from both the CT scan printouts and the pneumoencephalograms.

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The use of both Doppler and pulse-echoultrasonic equipment for detecting carotid artery disease is discussed. The need for new non-invasive techniques, capable of detecting small stenoses, is demonstrated and the development of two techniques (analysis of blood velocity waveforms and the measurement of arterial wall movement) is described. The arterial wall movement showed no change with disease, but analysis of the blood velocity waveforms proved capable of detecting even minor stenosis in some cases. Methods for confirming these preliminary results are discussed.