Soil and geologic evidence has been examined in the FBI Laboratory since 1939, and long admitted into trials, both in the US and abroad. However, to the best our knowledge soil evidence did not undergo a formal admissibility challenge within the US court systems until 29 th January 2016. Forensic soil analysis is typically a comparison between two or more samples to see whether they originated from different sources. When soil samples are indistinguishable, the possibility that they originated from a single source cannot be eliminated. The challenge in State of Kansas v. Kyle Flack, 13CR104 (2016), involved the admissibility of soil comparisons at the trial, as well as the qualifications of the forensic geologist who conducted the examinations. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the FBI. Names of commercial manufacturers are provided for identification purposes only, and inclusion does not imply endorsement of the manufacturer or its products or services by the FBI.

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A major purpose of the Techni cal Information Center is to provide the broadest dissemination possi ble of information contained in DOE's Research and Development Reports to business, industry, the academic community, and federal, state and local governments.Although a small portion of this report is not reproducible, it is being made available to expedite the availability of information on the research discussed herein. • Performing characterization surveys of r>ated facilities/sites.• Conducting ongoing security anO surveillance programs.• Performing preventive maintenaiv* actbas io ensure containment of radioactivity while await ing permanent facility disposition• Assessing environmental and engimennjpaspects of propose! remedial action alternatives.• Drafting detailed remedial action rt-ojed plans and procedure.• Performing remedial action; io make facitities/sitet available for restricted or unrestricted use.This bibliography of 6S7 references is the i^irth in a series to be prepared by RAPIC. Volumes 1, 2, and 3, wMch were published in 1980. 1981, and 1982, respectively, had the same title and same subject coverage. Subsequent volume*, incorporating newly identified items of rele vance, will be issued on an ar?.iK»V_f .sis. The contents of this publication are stored in a couipuicr-rctrisvsb!? data file which u; iergoes periodic updating. It is-preferred that researchers f use these published bibliographies as their "first tine" reference tool; however, the data \..c can be iccessed through RAPIC i>r more vurrent literature listings or for a comprehensive subject search of the entire data base. vii CONTENTS OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHY

This publication contains 1035abstracted references on environmental restcration, nuclear facility decommissioning, uranium mill tailings management, and site remedial actions. These citations constitute the thirteenth in a series of reports prepared annually for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Restoration programs. Citations to foreign and domestic literature of ali types--technical reports, progress reports, journal article.s, symposia proceedings, theses, books, patents, legislation, and research project descriptions--have been included. The bibliography contains scientific, technical, economic, regulatory,and legal information pertinent to the DOE Environmental Restoration programs. There are 13 major sections of the publication, including: (1) DOE Decontamination and Decommissioning Program; (2) Nuclear Facilities Decommissioning; (3) DOE Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program; (4) DOE Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project; (5) Uranium Mill Tailings Management; (6)DOE Environmental Restoration Program; (7) DOE Site-Specific Remedial Actions; (8) Contaminated Site Restoration; (9) Remediation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater; (10) Environmental Data Measurements, Management, and Evaluation; (11) Remedial Action Assessment and Decision-Making; (12) Technology Development and Evaluation; and (13) Environmental and Waste Management Issues. Within these 13 sections, the bibliographic references are arranged in nine subject categories by geographic location and then alphabetically by first author, corporate affiliation, or publication title. Indexes are provided for author, corporate affiliation, title word, publication description, geographic location, subject category, and key word. This report is a product of the Remedial Action Program Information Center (RAPIC), which selects, analyzes, and disseminates information on environmental restoration, accontamination and decommissioning and remedial actions. RAPIC staff and resources are available to meet a variety of information needs. Contact the center at (615) 574-7580. ServicesCopies of most documents referenced in this bibliography can be obtained through either the