An experimental herd of Large White pigs was established in 1931 and maintained as a closed population until 1992. The complete -pedigree (410 boars and 916 sows) has been analysed to measure along the succesive cohorts of breeding animals: thefounder representation and allele survival, the evolution ofcoancestry and inbreeding and the components of inbreeding due to each founder. Inferences about genetic and phenotypic parameters and effects of dam and litter inbreeding on litter size were obtained, using Bayesian techniques, from 2612 litter records. A significant mean reduction of 0·27 piglets born and 0·39 live born for each 10% of litter inbreeding was found but also evidence of variation among founder lineages in inbreeding depression. Alleles contributing to inbreeding depression were descendent from specific founder lineages.
Livestock breeds are recognized as important components of world biodiversity. The Iberian pig is a swine breed well adapted to the Mediterranean forest ecosystem and provides cured products of high quality. The ancient population of Iberian pigs ( Sus scrofa meridionalis ) was differentiated in several local types, the black hairless pigs representing the fattest genetic type. The conservation program of the Guadyerbas strain has maintained this germplasm isolated since 1945 as a closed population in an experimental herd. The complete pedigree, with 1000 breeding animals descending from 24 founders, has been used to measure along the successive cohorts of breeding animals the effective number of founders, effective number of nonfounders, founder genome equivalents, and expected number of founders' surviving alleles. For the last cohort, the values were 10.34, 1.42, 1.25, and 4.06, respectively. The evolution of inbreeding and coancestry and its components attributable to each founder were also studied. The rate of increase in inbreeding and coancestry was 2.21% per cohort, or 0.906% per year. Finally, the effect of family structure and mating tactics on the evolution of coancestry was also analyzed. The greatest rates of coancestry per cohort were attributable to unbalanced family sizes, and the use of minimum coancestry matings effectively delayed the increase in inbreeding. Análisis Genealógico de una Manada Aislada del Cerdo Ibérico Lampiño NegroResumen: Las razas de ganado son consideradas como un componente importante de la biodiversidad mundial. El cerdo Ibérico es una raza de cerdos bien adaptada al ecosistema forestal del Mediterráneo y provee productos encurtidos de alta calidad. La población ancestral del cerdo Ibérico ( Sus scrofa meridionalis ) era diferenciada en diversos tipos locales, siendo los cerdos lampiños negros los representantes del tipo genético más gordo. El programa de conservación de la variedad Guadyerbas ha mantenido su germoplasma aislado desde 1945 como una población cerrada en una manada experimental. El pedigrí completo con 1000 animales reproductores descendientes de 24 fundadores ha sido usado para medir a lo largo de cohortes sucesivas de animales reproductores el número efectivo de fundadores, el número efectivo de no-fundadores, el genoma fundador equivalente y el número esperado de alelos fundadores sobrevivientes. Para la última cohorte, los valores fueron 10.34, 1.42, 1.25 y 4.06, respectivamente. También estudiamos la evolución de endogamia y codescendencia y sus componentes debidos a cada fundador. La tasa de incremento en endogamia y codescendencia fue del 2.21% por cohorte, o el equivalente a 0.906 % por año. Finalmente, analizamos el efecto de la estructura familiar y las tácticas de apareamiento en la evolución de la codescendencia. Las tasas más grandes de codescendencia por cohorte fueron atribuibles a tamaños familiares desbalanceados y al uso mínimo de apareamientos de codescendientes, retardando efectivamente el incremento de la endogamia.* email toro@inia.es
Genetic progress for reproductive performance in pigs is limited by mothering ability. It is a critical aspect for dam lines, in which litter weight at weaning could be included with litter size in the selection goal. Our objective was to investigate in Iberian pigs the genetic basis of the number of alive born piglets (NBA) and the litter weight at 21days (LW21) over the successive parities (t). Records for NBA were available from 6,775 litters born from 1,893 sows of the Torbiscal line, and LW21 records proceeded from 1,431 sows and 2,963 litters without crossfostering. Genetic parameters were estimated using an animal model with repeatability, a multi-trait animal model, and a random regression model. Estimated values of heritabilities for NBA and genetic correlations between parities confirm a partially different genetic control of prolificacy at parity 1 and at later parities. Results for LW21 indicate that this trait may be partially controlled by different genes at the first two parities and at the later ones. Estimated genetic parameters for NBA (t = 1), NBA (t ≥ 2), LW21 (t ≤ 2) and LW21 (t ≥ 3) were: heritability, h 2 = 0.15, 0.12, 0.22 and 0.15, respectively, and coefficient of permanent environmental effects, p 2 = 0.05, 0.02 and 0.24, respectively for the three last traits. The values of genetic correlations ranged from 0.44 to 0.84. A multitrait approach would be useful to estimate accurate genetic parameters, and to improve the low persistency of reproductive performance in the later parities of Iberian sows.Additional key words: genetic correlation, maternal ability, prolificacy, random regression model. ResumenEvaluación genética del tamaño y peso de camada para sucesivos partos en cerdas Ibéricas La mejora genética de la eficiencia reproductiva en cerdos está limitada por su aptitud maternal. Es éste un aspecto crítico en las líneas maternas, en las que el peso de la camada al destete podría ser incluido junto al tamaño de camada en el objetivo de selección. El objetivo del trabajo fue investigar en cerdos Ibéricos la base genética del núme-ro de lechones nacidos vivos (NBA) y el peso de camada a 21días (LW21) a lo largo de los sucesivos partos (t). Se dispuso de registros de NBA de 6.775 camadas nacidas de 1.893 cerdas, y registros de LW21 procedentes de 1.431 cerdas y 2.963 camadas sin adopciones. Se estimaron parámetros genéticos mediante tres modelos: con repetibilidad, multicarácter y de regresión aleatoria. Los valores de las heredabilidades y las correlaciones genéticas entre NBA en diferentes partos confirman su control genético, parcialmente distinto en el parto primero y posteriores. Los resultados para LW21 indican que este carácter puede estar parcialmente controlado por diferentes genes en los dos primeros partos y en los sucesivos. Los parámetros genéticos estimados para NBA (t = 1), NBA (t ≥ 2), LW21 (t ≤ 2) y LW21 (t ≥ 3) fueron: heredabilidad, h 2 = 0,15, 0,12, 0,22 y 0,15, respectivamente, y coeficiente de efectos de ambiente permanente, p 2 = 0,05, 0,02 y 0,24, respec...
Livestock breeds are recognized as important components of world biodiversity. The Iberian pig is a swine breed well adapted to the Mediterranean forest ecosystem and provides cured products of high quality. The ancient population of Iberian pigs ( Sus scrofa meridionalis ) was differentiated in several local types, the black hairless pigs representing the fattest genetic type. The conservation program of the Guadyerbas strain has maintained this germplasm isolated since 1945 as a closed population in an experimental herd. The complete pedigree, with 1000 breeding animals descending from 24 founders, has been used to measure along the successive cohorts of breeding animals the effective number of founders, effective number of nonfounders, founder genome equivalents, and expected number of founders' surviving alleles. For the last cohort, the values were 10.34, 1.42, 1.25, and 4.06, respectively. The evolution of inbreeding and coancestry and its components attributable to each founder were also studied. The rate of increase in inbreeding and coancestry was 2.21% per cohort, or 0.906% per year. Finally, the effect of family structure and mating tactics on the evolution of coancestry was also analyzed. The greatest rates of coancestry per cohort were attributable to unbalanced family sizes, and the use of minimum coancestry matings effectively delayed the increase in inbreeding. Análisis Genealógico de una Manada Aislada del Cerdo Ibérico Lampiño NegroResumen: Las razas de ganado son consideradas como un componente importante de la biodiversidad mundial. El cerdo Ibérico es una raza de cerdos bien adaptada al ecosistema forestal del Mediterráneo y provee productos encurtidos de alta calidad. La población ancestral del cerdo Ibérico ( Sus scrofa meridionalis ) era diferenciada en diversos tipos locales, siendo los cerdos lampiños negros los representantes del tipo genético más gordo. El programa de conservación de la variedad Guadyerbas ha mantenido su germoplasma aislado desde 1945 como una población cerrada en una manada experimental. El pedigrí completo con 1000 animales reproductores descendientes de 24 fundadores ha sido usado para medir a lo largo de cohortes sucesivas de animales reproductores el número efectivo de fundadores, el número efectivo de no-fundadores, el genoma fundador equivalente y el número esperado de alelos fundadores sobrevivientes. Para la última cohorte, los valores fueron 10.34, 1.42, 1.25 y 4.06, respectivamente. También estudiamos la evolución de endogamia y codescendencia y sus componentes debidos a cada fundador. La tasa de incremento en endogamia y codescendencia fue del 2.21% por cohorte, o el equivalente a 0.906 % por año. Finalmente, analizamos el efecto de la estructura familiar y las tácticas de apareamiento en la evolución de la codescendencia. Las tasas más grandes de codescendencia por cohorte fueron atribuibles a tamaños familiares desbalanceados y al uso mínimo de apareamientos de codescendientes, retardando efectivamente el incremento de la endogamia.
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