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Neurologic complications of HIV infection are numerous. This review focuses on the clinical presentation, diagnostic particularities and therapeutic issues of neurotuberculosis. The pertinent literature describing this important infection is succinctly summarized with a particular emphasis on the discussion of differences in clinical presentation between HIV-infected and -uninfected patients.

Tuberculous meningitis was the prime type of meningitis, which was associated with HIV transmission by injecting drug use. Cryptococcal meningitis appears in more advanced stages of HIV infection, which determines its characteristic presentation.