Over many years, numerous agency biologists, wardens, students, and postdocs have contributed thousands of hours into planning, collecting, and analyzing the data that pertain to each of the herds described in this report. Many staff and students with Infographics Lab at the University of Oregon Department of Geography were involved in map design and production. These included research assistant Joanna Merson, and the following students:

Live-shearing of wild guanacos Lama guanicoe may affect their reproductive success and population resilience, and therefore it is important to assess the biological sustainability of obtaining their wool. We evaluated effects of capture and shearing on survival and reproduction, population parameters, daily movements, ranging behaviour and spatial distribution in sedentary and migratory populations. We assessed population variables by radio-telemetry and line-transect surveys before and after capture. We estimated high post-shearing survival rates in both populations and similar yearling production in shorn and non-shorn females in the migratory population. We did not find significant variations in density and population structure before and after shearing in the sedentary population, whereas in the migratory population density decreased and the population structure changed significantly after assembly of the capture structure, returning to pre-assembly levels 1 month later. The mean daily distance moved by radio-collared guanacos during the first 2 days after shearing was three times longer than during the following 30 days. There was a 25% decrease in the mean home-range size of shorn guanacos between the first and second month after shearing but this decline appeared to be associated with a seasonal change in movement, because a similar reduction occurred during the same period the following year, when the guanacos were not shorn. Live-shearing modified the spatial distribution pattern in the sedentary population but did not have a significant effect on the migratory population. Management of guanacos may contribute towards developing a biologically sustainable economic activity that promotes conservation of wildlife and habitats.

SUMMARYOn an experimental farm 3 dairy breeds were compared with regard to mastitis by various parameters. Higher cell counts and more udder infections were present in the Dutch Red and White (DRW) in comparison with the Holstein Friesian (HF) and the Dutch Friesian (DF). Within the HF breed a negative correlation between cell count and production was established and also in this breed, a negative correlation between maximum rate of milk flow and cell count. There is no evidence that higher procuction and easier milking are connected with more mastitis. On the contrary, within the breeds an opposite trend appeared. Selection against mastitis does not conflict with selection for production and ease of milking. An addition trial revealed that sampling after too quick preparation of the cows before milking resulted in much higher cell counts in quarter samples. Cows which were selected for drying off with antibiotics recovered from their infection but these more susceptible animals maintained a higher cell count to a certain extent.

No abstract

Bij veel natuur-en milieubeleid -waaronder de veenweideproblematiek-is beleidsintegratie een steeds populairder begrip. Dit rapport gaat in op de verschillende dimensies en ook mogelijke keerzijden van beleidsintegratie aan de hand van een concreet gebiedsproces: Aldeboarn-De Deelen. In dit gebiedsproces binnen de Friese veenweideaanpak staan weliswaar verschillende beleidsdoelen (bodemdaling, klimaat, water, landbouw) centraal, maar is de focus toch vooral gericht op de landbouw. De Natura 2000-doelen vanuit het gebied De Deelen komen zelfs zeer beperkt aan de orde in het gebiedsproces. De integratie op gebiedsniveau wordt verder bemoeilijkt doordat men vooralsnog moet werken met voornamelijk sectorale landelijke regelingen voor agrarisch beheer en afwaardering van grond. Uit de analyse komt naar voren dat het verstandig is om kritisch te kijken naar wensen voor meer beleidsintegratie in gebiedsprocessen. Zowel beleidsmakers als onderzoekers (zoals PBL) zouden per situatie goed de mogelijke voordelen (meer effectiviteit, meer draagvlak) tegen de mogelijke nadelen (meer complexiteit, vertraging in besluitvorming) tegen elkaar moeten afwegen.