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Absfracf-A unilateral 1.5-to 6-GHz varactorquadruple has been developed. The multiplier delivers 2+ watts at 50-percent conversion efficiency and has a maximum inputVSWR of 1.6 for all conditions of load impedance. The quadruple efficiencyis diode limited, not circuit liiited, with only 0.5 dB of the 3.O-dB conversion loss due to circuit losses. The design uses a unilateral circuit concept for even-order harmonic generators to achieve the low sensitivity to output mismatch and a balanced diode pair hybrid circuit configuration to reduce chcuit complexity and circuitloss. Varactor multiplier stages are often cascaded using isolators to improve the stabiEty. The use of unilateralmultipliers eliminates the necessity for such isolators.

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When a varactor frequency upconverter is used as the output device in a communications transmitter, it is often desirable to operate at maximum power output. For such operation, the design procedure includes a large‐signal analysis under overdriven conditions, requiring the use of a computer for solution. Equations for the instantaneous varactor charge, current, and voltage are derived assuming that only three currents are present: those corresponding to the signal, pump, and output frequencies. Numerical solutions corresponding to maximum power output are obtained for both graded‐junction and abrupt‐junction varactors. Values of power output, conversion efficiency, input impedances, load impedance, and bias voltage are presented for ranges of drive level (1 to 2) and varactor quality (0.001 ≦ ω3/ωc ≦ 0.1) sufficient to include most practical design.