A simple migration test and a more complicated simulation of children's sucking and biting was used to establish migration of DEHP from PVC child-use articles into saliva and compared to a mimic test. The static migration test of a film containing approximately 30% DEHP with saliva simulant gave the lowest values of DEHP; simple shaking increased the amounts of DEHP from 25 +/- 8 to 499 +/- 153 micrograms/g film. The more complicated arrangements to simulate sucking and biting are not so suitable for standard applications. When comparing the in vitro migration tests with the mimic test the factors were 25 and 29 for the static tests (3 and 6 hours) and 1.4 for the shaking test.

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Synopsis Water resistance of sun protection products has been found to be best determined by the following methods: (1) Tests for determining UVL filter adherence to merino wool; this gives a rough value for orientation. Values in excess of 6% are suggestive of satisfactory adherence. (2) Tests for determining water resistance of sunscreen products on pig skin constitute a further essential step. Values in excess of 50% provide a realistic basis for tests in humans. In addition to filter adherence the product base, i.e. primarily the emulsifiers, are of special significance. Adequate results can be obtained with both W/O and O/W systems. Tests on volunteers are best done at the time of determining the sun protection factor, i.e. when simulating the events during a 2-3 h sunbath. Simulation should involve a single application of the test product in a pre-defined quantity and all activities conmmonly done in sunlight, e.g. swimming, as well as intermittent exercises to induce sweating. Values are considered as excellent, if 1 MED is not exceeded after 3 h exposure. Sun protection products with this characteristic qualify as adequate 'all-day' sunscreen for individuals with average sensitivity.