The comparison groups were similar. The robotic cases were significantly longer for right colectomies because of the intracorporeal anastomosis instead of the extracorporeal anastomosis performed in the laparoscopy cases. Every cost category was higher for the robotic cases. The right colectomies showed significant increases in total OR cost, OR personnel cost, OR supply cost, and OR time cost. The sigmoid colectomies had significant increases in OR personnel cost and OR supply cost. The total hospital cost was higher for the robotic groups, but the difference was not statistically significant.

The 30 consecutive cases demonstrated the technical feasibility of using the DaVinci system for a colectomy. The longevity of the DaVinci system's use for colectomy will be determined by comparison of its cost and outcomes with those for conventional laparoscopic colectomy.

We are able to demonstrate that, with experience, one can expect progressive improvement in the outcomes following LP in infants. Our surgery duration and complications in the last 65 cases are better than most published results for OP or LP.

Early detection and treatment of breast cancer, leading to longer survival, has revealed the natural history of this disease process. Linitis plastica of the stomach is a potential long-term sequela of metastatic breast cancer. Here we present a case of metastatic breast cancer presenting as linitis plastica, as well as the treatment algorithm for this rare clinical entity. The world literature describes a clear pattern of linitis plastica for metastatic infiltrating lobular breast cancer and a discrete nodular pattern for infiltrating ductal cancer, in regard to metastasis to the stomach. To our knowledge, this is the first case of infiltrating ductal cancer presenting as linitis plastica of the stomach.

CPOs were successfully integrated into an EM clerkship. Preliminary data suggest that CPO guidelines can be used to standardize EM clerkships.