WOJCIECH CHUDZIAK, JACEK BOJARSKI Chełmno i Toruń. Początki miast na ziemi chełmińskiej Chełmno and Toruń. The origins of towns in Chełmno Land Zarys treści. Podsumowanie wiedzy i badań nad początkami Chełmna i Torunia z uwzględnieniem opracowań historycznych oraz najnowszych wyników badań archeologicznych. Omówienie warunków powstania tych ośrodków, czynników kształtowania sieci osadniczej w najbliższym otoczeniu, podkreślenie rangi tradycji miejsca. Wskazanie różnic i podobieństw w funkcjonowaniu Chełmna i Torunia-ważnych elementów struktur osadniczych oraz punktów węzłowych połączeń komunikacyjnych we wczesnym średniowieczu.

The paper concerns one of the construction discovered within the early medieval, immediately adjacent to a fortified centre, ancillary settlement in kałdus (historical chełmno), which has been interpreted as remains of a supposed inn. it includes formal analysis of the construction and of movable objects found within, carried out in comparison with the results of studies over the spatial and functional layout of the settlement. The analysis was carried out in the context of theoretical knowledge on medieval inns, and especially of the content of the so-called mogilno forgery, where nonum forum cum tabernario in Culmine was mentioned.

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The text discusses three different cases of rescue research carried out in recent years by the Institute of Archaeology the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń on fortified settlements in Bydgoszcz-Stare Miasto, Pawłówek and Bydgoszcz-Fordon (historic Wyszogród), in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship. These settlements played an important role in the early Middle Ages as centres of exchange and defence of the Greater Poland-Kuyavia borderland. Together with their immediate settlement base, they were subject to destruction processes to varying degrees. These destructions were the result of natural and human activities. The progressive degradation required wide-ranging archaeological investigations to be carried out on these sites and appropriate legal, administrative and conservation measures to be taken in order to secure the remaining relics.