Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play an increasingly important role in various areas of life, including in terms of protection and security. As a result of fires, volcanic eruptions, or other emergencies, huge amounts of toxic gases, dust, and other substances are emitted into the environment, which, together with high temperature, often leads to serious environmental contamination. Based on the available literature and patent databases, an analysis of the available UAVs models was carried out in terms of their applicability in air contaminated conditions in industrial areas, in the event of emergencies, such as fire, chemical contamination. The possibilities of using the devices were analyzed in terms of weather conditions, construction, and used materials in CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) threat situations. It was found that, thanks to the use of appropriate sensors, cameras, and software of UAVs integrated with a given system, it is possible to obtain information on air quality at a given moment, which is very important for the safety of people and the environment. However, several elements, including the possibility of use in acidification conditions, requires refinement to changing crisis conditions.

Cel: The aim of the article is to review information about motor vehicles that use alternative propulsion systems (in this case, electric propulsion) and the risks associated with their use. The discussion of these issues is crucial for undertaking rescue and firefighting operations during incidents (fires, local emergencies) involving alternatively powered vehicles and the effectiveness of these operations. Knowledge in the areas of: hazard identification, improvement of rescue technologies, necessary devices and equipment for effective rescue and firefighting operations during traffic incidents, including fires, with the involvement of vehicles with alternative propulsion systems can be gained from both theoretical and empirical studies. Wprowadzenie: Technical and technological advances in the area of drives used in vehicles and machinery pose new challenges for fire protection. They concern, among other things, the technology of rescue operations during fires and traffic accidents involving such vehicles, as well as ensuring fire safety when operating and storing them in buildings, garages and parking areas, and during charging. Metodologia: The article was prepared based on national and foreign sources, literature on the subject, research results and the authors’ diverse experiences. It describes the current state of knowledge in terms of hazards and how to deal with them during rescue and firefighting operations against incidents involving alternatively powered vehicles. Wnioski: The number of motor vehicles in Poland and other countries continues to grow, and together with it also the number of vehicles equipped with alternative drives to internal combustion engines (gasoline, diesel). An analysis of the literature on the subject, available research results, as well as individual incidents, lead to the reasonable conclusion that the risks during rescue and firefighting operations associated with the incidents involving electric and hybrid vehicles are no greater than for conventionally powered vehicles. They are different to some extent, which is due in particular to the used power system, which is based on energy storage devices – batteries. Słowa kluczowe: alternative propulsion, CNG, LNG, methane, LPG, ethane, propane, hybrid propulsion, electric vehicles, fuel cell, rescue, rescue and firefighting operations

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Badania i wdrożenia I Definicje i skróty -normalne funkcjonowanie organizacji państwowej i realizację jej interesów, zachowanie życia, zdrowia i mienia jednostek żyjących w tej organizacji (...) oraz korzystanie przez te jednostki z praw i swobód zagwarantowanych konstytucją i innymi przepisami prawa.

Redakcja naukowa: bryg. dr inż. Jacek Zboina Autorzy: mgr inż. Damian Bąk dr Robert Gwardyński st. bryg. w st. spocz. mgr inż. Jan Kielin dr hab. inż. Jarosław Prońko mgr inż. Ewa Sobór mgr Beata Wojtasiak st. bryg. w st. spocz. mgr inż. Piotr Wojtaszewski mgr inż. Konrad Zaciera bryg. dr inż. Jacek Zboina Recenzja: prof. dr hab. Bernard Wiśniewski dr hab. Andrzej Czupryński