Diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the oral cavity and perioral tissues is challenging. Even though epidemiology may be of some help in orientating the clinician and even though some lesions may confidently be diagnosed on clinical grounds alone, the definitive diagnosis usually requires histopathologic evaluation. Oral pigmentation can be physiological or pathological, and exogenous or endogenous. Color, location, distribution, and duration as well as drugs use, family history, and change in pattern are important for the differential diagnosis. Dark or black pigmented lesions can be focal, multifocal or diffuse macules, including entities such as racial pigmentation, melanotic macule, melanocytic nevus, blue nevus, smoker’s melanosis, oral melanoacanthoma, pigmentation by foreign bodies or induced by drugs, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Addison´s disease and oral melanoma. The aim of this review is to present the main oral black lesions contributing to better approach of the patients. Key words:Pigmentation, melanin, oral, diagnosis, management.

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Red LLLT and LED demonstrated expressive results in angiogenesis. Light coherence was shown not to be essential to angiogenesis. However, further studies are needed in order to investigate the photobiomodulatory effects of LED in relation to LLLT in various biological tissues.

Oral fungal infections (mycoses) have come into particular prominence since the advent of infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and recognition of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), as well as the phenomenal increase in world travel with increased exposure to infections endemic in the tropics. Paracoccidioidomycosis is a rare mycosis worldwide but common in Brazil and some other areas in Latin America. It can be life-threatening and can manifest with a spectrum of clinical presentations, including frequent oral lesions. This paper reviews the more recent information on Paracoccidioidomycosis, emphasizing those areas most relevant in dental science.