Congo, the mission and the literature Missionaries played an important role in the colonisation of the Congo. They brought Christianity and "civilisation" to the new colony in central Africa, which was ruled over by the Belgian King Leopold II from 1885 to 1908 and by the Belgian government from 1908 to 1960. Missionaries were active in the field of education, but they also left their mark on colonial literature, both as authors and as protagonists. This article explores the traces of the missionaries in the literature on the Congo. Father Amaat Vyncke was an early example of a missionary and author, just as Father Garmijn and Father Constant de Deken. These missionaries provided a positive assessment on the colonial system in their writings. Writers like Ad. Verreet and J. G. Schoup used missionaries as protagonists in their novels. Schoup portrayed a sympathetic missionary who sharply criticised the colonial system. After the colonial period Jef Geeraerts painted a very negative image of the missionary in his Gangreen novels. However, the travel books written by Lieve Joris and Bart Castelein and the play Missie

Het Nederlandse koloniale verleden in Indonesië heeft grote invloed gehad op de literatuur. In De postkoloniale spiegel. De Nederlands-Indische letteren herlezen wordt in 26 hoofdstukken de ‘canon’ van de Nederlands-Indische literatuur voor het eerst systematisch vanuit een postkoloniaal perspectief gelezen, van Multatuli’s Max Havelaar (1860) – de eerste Indische roman – tot en met Lichter dan ik (2019) van Dido Michielsen. Na een introductie waarin wordt ingegaan op het leven van de auteur en zijn of haar relatie met Nederlands-Indië of Indonesië, worden telkens een of meer romans geanalyseerd. Naast beroemde auteurs als Louis Couperus, E. du Perron en Marion Bloem komen ook minder bekende schrijvers aan de orde. Terugkerende aandachtspunten zijn de representatie van de ongelijke koloniale machtsverhoudingen en de Europese strategieën waarmee de ‘Ander’ werd gemarginaliseerd. De postkoloniale spiegel geeft een vernieuwend overzicht van meer dan 160 jaarNederlands-Indische literatuurgeschiedenis.

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The translation of this book was funded by All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book.Every effort has been made to obtain permission to use all copyrighted illustrations reproduced in this book. Nonetheless, whosoever believes to have rights to this material is advised to contact the publisher. The portraits collected here demonstrate how some writers can be grouped in a sub-narrative of (post-)colonial, war or immigrant literature, how others fit into the narrative of successive movements such as naturalism, modernism or post-modernism, and yet others form part of the discourse on female liberation and (homo)sexuality, or contribute to such concepts as the gothic novel. We have chosen not to make any of these perspectives central to our presentation. On the contrary, our aim was to show the wide variety of roles played by female authors in the last hundred and fifty years, in literature and as public intellectuals, in social debate.The corollary of this approach is that the individual contributions also focus on the cultural-historical background to the literary careers under discussion. In this way we hope to give an impression of the vitality of modern Dutch and Flemish literature as a whole. Women Writers in Dutch Introduction 14 The PortraitsEach of the portraits in this book can stand alone as an introduction to a particular writer's work. There is ample quotation from the oeuvre under discussion, so that even the uninitiated will be offered a picture of the specific nature of the work in question. The portraits aim to expose the core or underlying motive of the writer's project, and also highlight the stance taken by the writer outside her work. In addition to this, the contributors to this volume pay attention to the author's position in the dominant narrative of literary history (the extent to which the writer can be embedded in the customary literary-historical movements, and especially the extent to which she cannot). Together then, the portraits, arranged in chronological order, constitute a short history of modern Dutch and Flemish literature. A Short HistoryLike all histories, this short history is selective. We have opted not to foreground the principal selection criterion (that the authors should be women). The crucial question in the experiment we are conducting in this book is what happens when we draw a purely female line through modern Dutch and Flemish literature. This question is not posed explicitly in every portrait, but obviously the gender-related perspective plays a part in many contributions. How else is one to write about Cécile Goekoop, who in Hilda van Suylenburg, nicknamed 'the Dutch Uncle Tom's Cabin', broached the question of women's rights and argued that a woma...