Obesity is currently viewed as a serious worldwide public health issue. In this survey, we aim to determine its prevalence among schoolchildren and teenagers in Dakar. The sample of our survey consisted of 2,356 students aged 11-17, including 1,110 boys and 1,246 girls. For each of them, we have calculated their body mass index. Based on the higher value of the norm of that index, referred to the 97th percentile of Rolland-Cachera MF's curves, we have identified obese students according to their age and sex. The prevalence of obesity within our sample is 9.34%, with 2.88% for boys and 6.46% for girls. It is at its peak in the age of 11, though there is no significance (p > 0.05) in its decrease (from age 12 to 17). There are significantly (p < 0.05) more obese students in "catholic private" schools than in "public" schools where schooling is free. Child and teenage obesity is a reality in Dakar schools. Consequently, it is advisable to determine its nationwide prevalence to take on its prevention as well as its cure.
Une enquête épidémiologique sur la trypanosomose bovine a été réalisée en Gambie de novembre 1987 à octobre 1989. Elle a concerné la race trypanotolérante Ndama en zone de faible et forte pression glossinienne et visait la connaissance des paramètres de production de cette race en élevage traditionnel villageois et l'étude des facteurs les influençant. Naissances et mortalités, changements de poids des animaux, expulsion d'oeufs de strongles, fréquences des infections annuelles et mensuelles de la trypanosomose sont présentés ainsi que les variations de l'hématocrite. Les auteurs concluent que la production bovine de race Ndama en zone infestée par la trypanosomose est rentable mais conditionnée par la disponibilité en nourriture et la gestion du troupeau au sens large (contrôle des feux, sélection, traitement anthelminthique régulier, complémentation).
Development theories explain almost exclusively the socio-economic dynamic of developing societies by the transformations which are imposed upon them.
Through a historical analysis of family farm organization in a Wolof village community in Senegal the author tries to show that this dynamic can not simply be reduced to exogeneous factors.
The evolution of control and distribution of labour, land and farm implements depend on the internal contradictions and conflicts of these communities.
This evolution must be taken into account in development theories as it represents an important aspect of the dynamic of developing societies.
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